Obesity A Complex Condition - 2156 Words

Inquiry Obesity is a complex condition where there is an excess deposition of body fat and this may occur in isolation or may be accompanied by co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea, gout and coronary artery disease. Obesity is a global concern and more than 300 million people around the world are obese. Around 33 percent of North American population is estimated to be obese and rates are increasing in Canada every year. Obesity is defined as BMI more than 30.Waist –hip ratio and waist circumference are other indicators of obesity. Various treatment modalities are diet modifications, active lifestyle, pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical .Healthy diet and active lifestyle are the mainstay of management while other modalities have poor efficacy or non- sustainable results .Bariatric surgery is recommended for people with BMI more than 40 or BMI more than 35 with co-morbidities. Complementary therapies are gaining pop ularity in treating obesity and acupuncture is the most widely accepted modality worldwide .Some studies stated that acupuncture results were superior than conventional medicine Acupuncture decreases insulin resistance and inflammatory markers .It has an effect on lipid profile as well in a positive manner .Most of the studies showed that acupuncture has to be combined with healthy diet recommendations and exercise. More studies need to be conducted to confirm and quantify the role ofShow MoreRelatedHuman Genes Related to Obesity672 Words   |  3 PagesHuman genetic traits are ultimately classiï ¬ ed as either monogenic or complex (Celedon, Hunninghake, 2012). As suggested by their names, monogenic traits are primarily inï ¬â€šuenced by alterations of a single gene (Celedon, Hunninghake, 2012). On the other hand, complex traits are a result of variations in multiple genes, as well as the contributions of various environmental factors (Celedon, Hunninghake, 2012). One such complex trait, which has become quite omnipresent in the modern world, is adiposityRead MoreDesign Interventional Models For Primary Care Providers1619 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Over the years from proven evidence-based research, there is a need for intervention as primary care physicians attempt to address the issue of adult obesity. Obesity can be linked to many adverse health outcomes such as: diabetes, hypertension and stroke as suggested by the National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute (2012). The purpose of this project is to design interventional models for primary care providers to implement into a wellness program. The program includes increased knowledgeRead MoreBiological Mechanisms Of The Obesity945 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent conditions, in this case obesity. Therefore, they are potential predisposition factors. Candidate genes are chosen on a basis of knowledge of their function, biochemistry and their expression pattern (what protein they encode for and where is this protein mainly expressed) in obesity. At present, there are about 300 genes that have been hypothesized to contribute (to some extent) to obesity development. MONOGENIC Genetic research of obesity was partly successful in establishing obesity inRead MoreObesity Is The Type Of Disease That Is Infectious1248 Words   |  5 PagesObesity may not be the type of disease that is infectious. However, it has reached heights of epidemic proportions and poses a public health challenge, not only in Australia but globally. This disease has attained substantial awareness as a major health hazard and can be defined as an unhealthy excess of body fat at which can lead to an increased risk of medical illnesses and also may result in mortality, (Kitzinger Karle, 2013). Since the 1980’s the prevalence of obesity has almost tripled andRead MoreObesity Is A Health Risk1474 Words   |  6 PagesObesity is defined as a condition characterized by the accumulation of excess body fat, this abnormal or excessive fat accumulation may impair on one’s health, leading to a reduced life expectancy (Health Boosters, 2012). Obesity occurs when an individual’ s energy intake exceeds their energy expenditure, the larger the imbalance the more rapid the weight gain (Medibank, 2010). For practical reasons, body weight has been used to indicate whether someone is overweight or obese, and is commonly calculatedRead MoreAfrican Americans And The African American Population Essay960 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican American boys 2-11 were when compared with White boys. In looking at the statistics the African American population continues to suffer through obesity because of the limited access provided as well as other barriers such as poor diet and physical education. African American is consistently one of the top ethnicity suffering obesity. Although in the African American culture they continuously keep food as their revolving globe. Food connects the African American population together sociallyRead MoreObesity : A Growing Problem848 Words   |  4 PagesObesity related illnesses contribute to over 300,000 deaths per year in the U.S. We are a nation of overfed under nourished people with obesity becoming a pandemic. Obesity was once thought to be exclusively a social problem; it is now classified as a medical problem. It is a multibillion dollar industry. Losing weight is not just as simple as exercising more and eating less, as our society has grown more complex the obesity rate has risen. Obesity is a growing problem in the U.S. t oday caused primarilyRead MoreIs Obesity Predominantly An Individual Problem?. The Rate1089 Words   |  5 PagesIs obesity predominantly an individual problem? The rate of obesity is increasing globally and is a serious public health issue. It no longer only affects developed countries but is also having implications on developing countries. Often the focus is placed on individual choices and behaviours, this does not take into account the research and evidence that clearly shows that obesity is a multifaceted issue. To improve the level of obesity the broader determinants needs consideration. This essayRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Growing Problem1378 Words   |  6 PagesDid you know that obesity has become such a ‘growing’ quandary that for the first time ever today’s children are expected to have a life expectancy that is shorter than their parents (Gance-Cleveland, Gilbert, Kopanos, Gilbert, 2009, p. 72)? Obesity in children and adolescents has become a worldwide epidemic, increasing every year. In fact, childhood obesity in the United States (US) has increased to 17%, which has nearly tripled the prevalenc e of obesity in the last three decades (Center forRead MoreTrends in Healthcare Strategies801 Words   |  3 PagesBlumenthal mentions that the care market is somewhat burdened by chronic conditions, especially among the baby boomer generation. One important component here is that many of these conditions are preventable. Ironically, current health technology and a focus on healthier lifestyles have created a longer life expectancy than ever before in human history. The irony is, however, that older age and less activity also means more chronic conditions. This is something that should form the focus of implementing

Reconstruction Dbq Free Essays

The Civil War was one of the most difficult and trying times during American history. The war ended with the the Union and Confederate states torn apart over one major issue: slavery. With the end of the Civil War came the end of slavery in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Reconstruction Dbq or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the former black slaves were now free, they had no land and very few rights, and most did not even have family. Though out reconstruction, blacks were able to gain rights, but were continuously repressed by the white Southerners. The only way to truly enfranchise the former slaves was by effectively disenfranchising their former masters. The reign the masters had over their former slaves disabled the slaves from trying to fulfill their lives as equal American citizens. In most cases, the blacks of American were granted certain freedoms and then were taken away or oppressed by the whites. The former plantation and slave owners were not receptive to treating the blacks as their fellow counterparts. As Reconstruction began to start in the United States, the question of how the Southern states would be welcomed back into the Union begged at the issue. Reconstruction started to become a struggle between the executive and legislative branches. Radical Republicans, such as Thaddeus Stevens, wanted to approach Reconstruction from a military prospective because they were seeking revenge and felt the South needed to be taught a lesson because of the havoc and damage that they imposed on the Union (Document A). On the other hand, Andrew Johnson wanted to take a more moderate approach to reconstruction in order to quickly reincorporate the Southern states into the Union. To be allowed back into the Union, as per Andrew Johnson’s plan of reconstruction, the Southern states had to, among many other terms, agree to the 13th Constitutional Amendment that recognized the freedom of blacks. Many blacks felt that they knew their previous masters best and argued that although the states would agree to the recognition of 13th amendment, it was only â€Å"lip deep† (Document C). They also argued that the only way to really make the Southerners see the blacks as their equals was with the assistance of the federal government to put military reconstruction into place (Document C). The first Reconstruction act was passed in March 2nd, 1867 and divided the South into five military districts, each under a major general (Document I). In each of these districts, freed males slaves were granted suffrage. This act also offered readmission to the Union if the states ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, which would grant citizenship and civil liberties to all people born or naturalized in the United States. The Fourteenth Amendment was another step toward black equality and secured the rights of the former slaves (Document H). Although blacks were now allowed to vote, whites in the South would use severe intimidation tactics in order to oppress the newly acquired rights of the blacks. Voting is one of the most basic rights of an American citizen, so it would seem that the right to vote for all would equate peace and happiness between the whites and blacks (Document F). The idea of a master seeing his former slave at the same voting polls was an belligerent concept. During this time period, it seemed that the only way for the blacks to have their rights without being oppressed was to disenfranchise the whites. Even though the blacks were released from slavery, the whites still used tactics to keep the blacks in order beneath them. The Black Codes were created to make a cheap labor source for the South. Blacks would be arrested for vagrancy and judged by a jury that consisted of white men; blacks still could not serve on a jury at this time, still displaying that blacks did not receive full rights of white citizens. Thus, blacks would always be convicted by the jury of whites who wanted to ensure a labor force. Once convicted, the blacks were put on farms to work. Blacks would also have to pay a penalty if they were jumping contracts and moving from plantation to plantation; they could not leave the plantation. The whites were basically creating a â€Å"legal† system of slavery, which undermined the blacks newly acquired rights as a free citizen. Andrew Johnson would soon prove to be the oppressor in the fight for black equality during the time of reconstruction in the United States. First, the distribution of land was being brought about by a reconstruction-made institution, known as the Freedmen’s Bureau. The Freedmen’s Bureau provided food, clothing, education, and land to the blacks. By June 1865, the Bureau had settled nearly 10,000 black families on their own land, which was abandoned plantations. Just as the blacks were coming into and accepting their new freedom, the Southern white plantation owners were returning and demanding the return of their land. Andrew Johnson would support their demands and the government would eventually return all of the land. Just by this instance, it was proved that the whites in the South had tremendous control over the blacks and the government seemed to be supporting them. The North actually feared the potential power of the South in the most recent events of oppression (Document G). Andrew Johnson was also presented with the newly created Reconstruction Amendments, all of which he vetoed. Although he was overridden by Congress, this shows how the â€Å"white men† has once again oppressed the blacks. Also, Andrew Johnson would soon pull the institution of the Freedmen’s Bureau. This was once again preventing the blacks from bettering themselves as individuals and accepting their new rights and freedoms as citizens of the United States. Tensions ran extremely high between the whites and blacks that it started to become deadly. Hate groups were beginning to form in order to undermine the blacks where they were the majority. The most prevalent hate group was the Ku Klux Klan. These groups policed themselves in groups around voting polls in order to keep the blacks from exercising their rights given to them in the Fifteenth Amendment. The treatment these hate groups, including the Knights of the White Camellia, oppressed the blacks from exercising the most basic of their civil rights and began to return them to their previous way of life. The hatred and means to put the blacks down was beginning to become incredible because the whites did not want to see blacks become their equals and wanted no help or interaction with their former chattel (Document B). Segregation in the South was becoming more relevant during the time of Reconstruction. At first, there were public areas, such as schools, that accepted both black and white children. Even with such established integrated public places, white Southerners still refused to send their children to school with black children. The court case Plessy v. Ferguson made the term â€Å"separate but equal† sanctified in Supreme Court. This means that black and white accommodations had to be equal, but permitted to be separated. This case also established the Jim Crow Laws, which made the segregation of the races possible. In all reality, although Plessy v. Ferguson determined that black and white accommodations were separate but equal, the accommodations of the whites were of higher standards than those of the former slaves. The segregated and racist mindset of the whites in the South made it hard for the former slaves to make any progress because every step the African Americans took toward securing their civil liberties, the whites were there to take a stand against them by any means. Fredrick Douglass believe that all people in the South could live together in peace if the South merely cooperated (Document D). The Election of 1876 would be the death of Radical Reconstruction. After a discrepancy with the votes in the election, a compromise was made that would make Republican Rutherford B. Hayes the presidential winner. The victory of the Republican party would then mean that the Union army must pull out of the five Southern regions. Thus, the Freedmen are now turned away from by the Radical Republicans and are left for the Southerners to handle. The Southern whites will continue to oppress the former slaves and will try to take away every right they have come to gain. The only way for the Freemen to become rich with their civil rights and able to express them would be to take the opportunities away from the whites to oppress them. If the oppression of the blacks by the whites is continuously ignored, then it will be impossible for the blacks to even become completely equal with the whites among them. How to cite Reconstruction Dbq, Papers

Community Policing In Canada-.com

Question: Choose any Canadian Police and you have to talk about the Community Programs they doing right now and present your thoughts on to it. Answer: Introduction Community policing refers to the allocation of polices in to the community so that they become well acquainted with the inhabitants of the local inhabitants. A community police normally have partnerships with the agency that enforces law and other government agencies, non government organizations, community members, media as well as private businesses (Cordner, 2014). Main aim of community policing is to solve the problems of the public by putting on the shoes of the public and remaining inside the community. This paper aims to focus on a particular group of Canadian police, The Edmonton police. The paper will give a vivid description of the Canadian police, their method of working, their strategies taken up for the protection of the community and the sustainability of those strategies followed by a set of recommendations. Community policing Community policing may be defined as a strategy of policing that involves the working closely and building ties with the members of the community. In community policing the police needs to inherit a pro-active approach to address the concerns of the public safety. A community policy also provides the scope of the offender rehabilitation by making a sustainable society and understanding the underlying cause of the wickedness of the criminals (Gill et al., 2014). The duties and the attributes can give opportunity to the criminals to correction by evidence based correctional practice. There are several problems inside a community which cannot be recognized if one is not in the system and those problems will not be taken care of. It is the duty of a police to communicate with the members of the community (Cordner, 2014). Police acts a link between the public and law. Community policing helps the members of the community against anti-social activities by the implementation of crime prevention strategies and bringing the issues under the legal terms. Is community policing effective? There are some primary element of community policing which are community partnership, organizational transformation and problem solving skills. A community policing will be able to provide effective services to any organization or a community by collaborative partnership with the law enforcement agency (Cordner, 2014). Community policing is necessary as polices can engage in the systematic examination of the individual problems and evaluate them with appropriate responses (Bennett, 2014). It has to be remembered that community policing cannot solve a problem alone and generally requires the active participation of the stakeholders. The link of the police with different government and nongovernmental organizations provide also help the common people to get access to these services. There should be a shift to the long term assignment of the police officers to specific geographical area. It should be remembered that geographic deployment helps to provide better facilities to the public. It helps to enhance more contact with the people and maintain a strong relationship with the people. Reports suggest that community police strategies create a positive effect on the satisfaction of the citizens. One of the studies showed that community oriented policing have been able to reduce the crime up to 10 % (Sampson, 2013). As said by Bennett, (2014), a community police community policing emphasizes on the on stopping the crime before it occurs and respond and take necessary steps after the occurrence of the crime. In such a case a prompt action has to be taken. A community police helps the members of the community to have more control over their life. In order to understand all the problems of the neighborhood it is necessary to become a part of the community (Cordner, 2014). A greater trust is required to be built between the police and the common public and this is only possible via community policing. According to Kappeler Gaines, (2012), community police plays a pivotal role to promote public safety and improve the quality of life. There may be several grievances in a community which sometimes does not reach to the government, the community policing helps to bridge this gap and provide effective service to the people (Brogden Nijhar, 2013). Getting the community involved helps the police with var ious resources for the prevention of crime. Unlike the traditional system of policing the policing goals are expanded and the viewpoint regarding the community is changed (Cotton Coleman, 2010). According to concepts of the traditional police system, societies are not within the realm of the department of police. Police officers are normally tied to the dispatcher and generally to not have excess time to do anything more than that. But now, it has become necessary to create an interpersonal relationship between the police and the community. As proposed by Gill et al., (2014), community policing also have certain advantages. One of the main advantages of community policing is that it reduces the fear among the members of the community. The residents of the community can lead a secured life. The quality of life is improved and the crime is reduced (Brogde Nijhar, 2013). Community police provides chance to the community members such that they can come up with their problems. In this way community police can provide a myriad of advantages. As opposed by Gill et al., (2014), it is really difficult to establish a community involvement and to establish a partnership with the community and the police. Most of the members of the community always try to remain aloof from matters related to law and police. Canadian police services The Edmonton police of Canada service work with the members of the community to mitigate the crime rates within the community. Edmonton is a city where people have excellent culture of helping out every body. Edmonton police service (EPS) are able to combat the organized crimes such as unrest related to gangs, drugs, hatred and biasness and other economic crimes. The Edmonton police service is located throughout the city for serving the citizens of Alberta. Apart from the Police headquarters, each operational division of the town has got 5 larger stations. A district team policing model is followed by the Edmonton police, which help the officers to identify the community crimes quickly. There are 6 divisions in the city each having four districts. Each district has got a community sergeant and community liaison constables (CLC), who are devoted to work alongside the partners and the community b identifying and prioritizing the crime. The sergeant along with the CLC teams work in coll aboration with the community to make a sustainable to live in (Cotton Coleman, 2010). Gang related violence is a major concern for the citizens of Edmonton. Drug, presents a significant threat to the community. The hatred and the bias motivated might have a debilitating or catastrophic impact on the victims (Sampson, 2013). The Edmonton police service also acts promptly in case of economic crimes and cyber frauds, mass market frauds, identify frauds and frauds related to plastic money (O'Connor, 2017). Strategies taken up by the Canadian Police services The Canadian police service has taken up innovative strategies for managing the crimes such as the Edmonton police mobile app. There is an emergency number '911' which can be used by the communities in case of an emergency situation("Edmonton Police Service", 2017). There are provisions for speaker phones termed as 'blue and yellow phones', since the six Edmonton Police service stations does not stay open 24x7, this bright yellow phones are available outside the police stations, which directly connects to the police communication centre, which enables one to speak with an evaluator ("Edmonton Police Service", 2017). The blue speaker phone directly connects to the emergency number. As said earlier that community policing involves the community, hence the Edmonton police encourages the citizens to report all the crimes occurring (Family Protection, 2017). EPS participated in NWEST, which is a federally sponsored program that has been designed to combat weapon trafficking and smuggling ("Family Protection", 2017). Sustainability of the strategies The collaboration of the Edmonton police with the NWEST can be a sustainable step as the team often receives phone calls from the normal citizens, asking about questions about registering guns or how the guns can be transported or stored ("Edmonton Police Service", 2017). This strategy helps the citizens to maintain law and order in the city in relation to weapons and stops the trafficking of weapons. The mobile app can be useful fir the users to report crime. It can also be helpful to the cops as the forces would remain alert of the conditions of all the places of the city. The availability of the patrol officers in five divisions of the cities helps in the prevention of crime in broad daylight. The Edmonton police also offer specialized units such as flight operations, crime scene investigation, canine, search and rescue, aboriginal relations ("Edmonton Police Service", 2017). The school resource officers (SROs) are helpful in making the school a safe and caring place for learning. They help in preventing the student unrest (Stone Travis, 2013). The EPS also protects the citizens from child abuse, spousal violence, and elder abuse. The monitoring system of the EPS is effective in monitoring the high risk offenders of the city (Family Protection, 2017). The EPS understands the legalities of the prostitution and criminal mental health issues. The sensitive management of these crises indicates the sustainability of the strategies ("Edmonton Police Service", 2017). Recommendations Even after the strategies taken up by the Canadian police service, gang related violence is still prevalent in the city, which indicates the gaps and loops left in the police service. In order to prevent this, the patrolling officers should be more prompt in their action to prevent the unavoidable crime rates. It has been mentioned earlier that all the community police stations do not remain open 24x7. Although there are provisions for emergency phones, sometimes it might happen that the news of a particular crime cannot be disseminated due to some technical issue over the phone. Hence, it is important that the facilities are available the whole day. Conclusion Community policing thus helps to reduce the disorder, crime, fear among the public and help to increase the satisfaction and legitimacy among the populations. The Edmonton policing service is able to focus on the major problems in the city and have made the strategies accordingly. The provision of the mobile apps and the yellow and the blue phones are successful and can sustain in the long run. In spite of all these, there are crimes still going on in the cities. Hence it can be said that the community police should remain a bit alert from their side and should act quickly as it is always better to take precautions before occurrence of any crime References Bennett, Z. V. T. (2014). Communityoriented policing to reduce crime, disorder and fear and increase satisfaction and legitimacy among citizens: a systematic review. Brogden, M., Nijhar, P. (2013).Community policing. Routledge. Coldren Jr, J. R., Huntoon, A., Medaris, M. (2013). Introducing smart policing: Foundations, principles, and practice.Police Quarterly,16(3), 275-286. Coldren Jr, J. R., Huntoon, A., Medaris, M. (2013). Introducing smart policing: Foundations, principles, and practice.Police Quarterly,16(3), 275-286. Cordner, G. (2014). Community policing.The Oxford handbook of police and policing, 148-171. Cotton, D., Coleman, T. G. (2010). Canadian police agencies and their interactions with persons with a mental illness: A systems approach.Police Practice and Research: An International Journal,11(4), 301-314. Edmonton Police Service. (2017).Edmontonpolice.ca. Retrieved 29 November 2017, from https://www.edmontonpolice.ca/ Family Protection. (2017).Edmontonpolice.ca. Retrieved 29 November 2017, from https://www.edmontonpolice.ca/CommunityPolicing/FamilyProtection.aspx Gill, C., Weisburd, D., Telep, C. W., Vitter, Z., Bennett, T. (2014). Community-oriented policing to reduce crime, disorder and fear and increase satisfaction and legitimacy among citizens: a systematic review.Journal of Experimental Criminology,10(4), 399-428. Kappeler, V. E., Gaines, L. K. (2012).Community policing: A contemporary perspective. Routledge. O'Connor, C. D. (2017). The police on Twitter: image management, community building, and implications for policing in Canada.Policing and society,27(8), 899-912. Sampson, R. J. (2013). The place of context: a theory and strategy for criminology's hard problems.Criminology,51(1), 1-31. Stone, C., Travis, J. (2013). Toward a new professionalism in policing.JIJIS,13, 11.