Obesity A Complex Condition - 2156 Words

Inquiry Obesity is a complex condition where there is an excess deposition of body fat and this may occur in isolation or may be accompanied by co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea, gout and coronary artery disease. Obesity is a global concern and more than 300 million people around the world are obese. Around 33 percent of North American population is estimated to be obese and rates are increasing in Canada every year. Obesity is defined as BMI more than 30.Waist –hip ratio and waist circumference are other indicators of obesity. Various treatment modalities are diet modifications, active lifestyle, pharmacological, non-pharmacological and surgical .Healthy diet and active lifestyle are the mainstay of management while other modalities have poor efficacy or non- sustainable results .Bariatric surgery is recommended for people with BMI more than 40 or BMI more than 35 with co-morbidities. Complementary therapies are gaining pop ularity in treating obesity and acupuncture is the most widely accepted modality worldwide .Some studies stated that acupuncture results were superior than conventional medicine Acupuncture decreases insulin resistance and inflammatory markers .It has an effect on lipid profile as well in a positive manner .Most of the studies showed that acupuncture has to be combined with healthy diet recommendations and exercise. More studies need to be conducted to confirm and quantify the role ofShow MoreRelatedHuman Genes Related to Obesity672 Words   |  3 PagesHuman genetic traits are ultimately classiï ¬ ed as either monogenic or complex (Celedon, Hunninghake, 2012). As suggested by their names, monogenic traits are primarily inï ¬â€šuenced by alterations of a single gene (Celedon, Hunninghake, 2012). On the other hand, complex traits are a result of variations in multiple genes, as well as the contributions of various environmental factors (Celedon, Hunninghake, 2012). One such complex trait, which has become quite omnipresent in the modern world, is adiposityRead MoreDesign Interventional Models For Primary Care Providers1619 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Over the years from proven evidence-based research, there is a need for intervention as primary care physicians attempt to address the issue of adult obesity. Obesity can be linked to many adverse health outcomes such as: diabetes, hypertension and stroke as suggested by the National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute (2012). The purpose of this project is to design interventional models for primary care providers to implement into a wellness program. The program includes increased knowledgeRead MoreBiological Mechanisms Of The Obesity945 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent conditions, in this case obesity. Therefore, they are potential predisposition factors. Candidate genes are chosen on a basis of knowledge of their function, biochemistry and their expression pattern (what protein they encode for and where is this protein mainly expressed) in obesity. At present, there are about 300 genes that have been hypothesized to contribute (to some extent) to obesity development. MONOGENIC Genetic research of obesity was partly successful in establishing obesity inRead MoreObesity Is The Type Of Disease That Is Infectious1248 Words   |  5 PagesObesity may not be the type of disease that is infectious. However, it has reached heights of epidemic proportions and poses a public health challenge, not only in Australia but globally. This disease has attained substantial awareness as a major health hazard and can be defined as an unhealthy excess of body fat at which can lead to an increased risk of medical illnesses and also may result in mortality, (Kitzinger Karle, 2013). Since the 1980’s the prevalence of obesity has almost tripled andRead MoreObesity Is A Health Risk1474 Words   |  6 PagesObesity is defined as a condition characterized by the accumulation of excess body fat, this abnormal or excessive fat accumulation may impair on one’s health, leading to a reduced life expectancy (Health Boosters, 2012). Obesity occurs when an individual’ s energy intake exceeds their energy expenditure, the larger the imbalance the more rapid the weight gain (Medibank, 2010). For practical reasons, body weight has been used to indicate whether someone is overweight or obese, and is commonly calculatedRead MoreAfrican Americans And The African American Population Essay960 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican American boys 2-11 were when compared with White boys. In looking at the statistics the African American population continues to suffer through obesity because of the limited access provided as well as other barriers such as poor diet and physical education. African American is consistently one of the top ethnicity suffering obesity. Although in the African American culture they continuously keep food as their revolving globe. Food connects the African American population together sociallyRead MoreObesity : A Growing Problem848 Words   |  4 PagesObesity related illnesses contribute to over 300,000 deaths per year in the U.S. We are a nation of overfed under nourished people with obesity becoming a pandemic. Obesity was once thought to be exclusively a social problem; it is now classified as a medical problem. It is a multibillion dollar industry. Losing weight is not just as simple as exercising more and eating less, as our society has grown more complex the obesity rate has risen. Obesity is a growing problem in the U.S. t oday caused primarilyRead MoreIs Obesity Predominantly An Individual Problem?. The Rate1089 Words   |  5 PagesIs obesity predominantly an individual problem? The rate of obesity is increasing globally and is a serious public health issue. It no longer only affects developed countries but is also having implications on developing countries. Often the focus is placed on individual choices and behaviours, this does not take into account the research and evidence that clearly shows that obesity is a multifaceted issue. To improve the level of obesity the broader determinants needs consideration. This essayRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Growing Problem1378 Words   |  6 PagesDid you know that obesity has become such a ‘growing’ quandary that for the first time ever today’s children are expected to have a life expectancy that is shorter than their parents (Gance-Cleveland, Gilbert, Kopanos, Gilbert, 2009, p. 72)? Obesity in children and adolescents has become a worldwide epidemic, increasing every year. In fact, childhood obesity in the United States (US) has increased to 17%, which has nearly tripled the prevalenc e of obesity in the last three decades (Center forRead MoreTrends in Healthcare Strategies801 Words   |  3 PagesBlumenthal mentions that the care market is somewhat burdened by chronic conditions, especially among the baby boomer generation. One important component here is that many of these conditions are preventable. Ironically, current health technology and a focus on healthier lifestyles have created a longer life expectancy than ever before in human history. The irony is, however, that older age and less activity also means more chronic conditions. This is something that should form the focus of implementing

Reconstruction Dbq Free Essays

The Civil War was one of the most difficult and trying times during American history. The war ended with the the Union and Confederate states torn apart over one major issue: slavery. With the end of the Civil War came the end of slavery in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Reconstruction Dbq or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the former black slaves were now free, they had no land and very few rights, and most did not even have family. Though out reconstruction, blacks were able to gain rights, but were continuously repressed by the white Southerners. The only way to truly enfranchise the former slaves was by effectively disenfranchising their former masters. The reign the masters had over their former slaves disabled the slaves from trying to fulfill their lives as equal American citizens. In most cases, the blacks of American were granted certain freedoms and then were taken away or oppressed by the whites. The former plantation and slave owners were not receptive to treating the blacks as their fellow counterparts. As Reconstruction began to start in the United States, the question of how the Southern states would be welcomed back into the Union begged at the issue. Reconstruction started to become a struggle between the executive and legislative branches. Radical Republicans, such as Thaddeus Stevens, wanted to approach Reconstruction from a military prospective because they were seeking revenge and felt the South needed to be taught a lesson because of the havoc and damage that they imposed on the Union (Document A). On the other hand, Andrew Johnson wanted to take a more moderate approach to reconstruction in order to quickly reincorporate the Southern states into the Union. To be allowed back into the Union, as per Andrew Johnson’s plan of reconstruction, the Southern states had to, among many other terms, agree to the 13th Constitutional Amendment that recognized the freedom of blacks. Many blacks felt that they knew their previous masters best and argued that although the states would agree to the recognition of 13th amendment, it was only â€Å"lip deep† (Document C). They also argued that the only way to really make the Southerners see the blacks as their equals was with the assistance of the federal government to put military reconstruction into place (Document C). The first Reconstruction act was passed in March 2nd, 1867 and divided the South into five military districts, each under a major general (Document I). In each of these districts, freed males slaves were granted suffrage. This act also offered readmission to the Union if the states ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, which would grant citizenship and civil liberties to all people born or naturalized in the United States. The Fourteenth Amendment was another step toward black equality and secured the rights of the former slaves (Document H). Although blacks were now allowed to vote, whites in the South would use severe intimidation tactics in order to oppress the newly acquired rights of the blacks. Voting is one of the most basic rights of an American citizen, so it would seem that the right to vote for all would equate peace and happiness between the whites and blacks (Document F). The idea of a master seeing his former slave at the same voting polls was an belligerent concept. During this time period, it seemed that the only way for the blacks to have their rights without being oppressed was to disenfranchise the whites. Even though the blacks were released from slavery, the whites still used tactics to keep the blacks in order beneath them. The Black Codes were created to make a cheap labor source for the South. Blacks would be arrested for vagrancy and judged by a jury that consisted of white men; blacks still could not serve on a jury at this time, still displaying that blacks did not receive full rights of white citizens. Thus, blacks would always be convicted by the jury of whites who wanted to ensure a labor force. Once convicted, the blacks were put on farms to work. Blacks would also have to pay a penalty if they were jumping contracts and moving from plantation to plantation; they could not leave the plantation. The whites were basically creating a â€Å"legal† system of slavery, which undermined the blacks newly acquired rights as a free citizen. Andrew Johnson would soon prove to be the oppressor in the fight for black equality during the time of reconstruction in the United States. First, the distribution of land was being brought about by a reconstruction-made institution, known as the Freedmen’s Bureau. The Freedmen’s Bureau provided food, clothing, education, and land to the blacks. By June 1865, the Bureau had settled nearly 10,000 black families on their own land, which was abandoned plantations. Just as the blacks were coming into and accepting their new freedom, the Southern white plantation owners were returning and demanding the return of their land. Andrew Johnson would support their demands and the government would eventually return all of the land. Just by this instance, it was proved that the whites in the South had tremendous control over the blacks and the government seemed to be supporting them. The North actually feared the potential power of the South in the most recent events of oppression (Document G). Andrew Johnson was also presented with the newly created Reconstruction Amendments, all of which he vetoed. Although he was overridden by Congress, this shows how the â€Å"white men† has once again oppressed the blacks. Also, Andrew Johnson would soon pull the institution of the Freedmen’s Bureau. This was once again preventing the blacks from bettering themselves as individuals and accepting their new rights and freedoms as citizens of the United States. Tensions ran extremely high between the whites and blacks that it started to become deadly. Hate groups were beginning to form in order to undermine the blacks where they were the majority. The most prevalent hate group was the Ku Klux Klan. These groups policed themselves in groups around voting polls in order to keep the blacks from exercising their rights given to them in the Fifteenth Amendment. The treatment these hate groups, including the Knights of the White Camellia, oppressed the blacks from exercising the most basic of their civil rights and began to return them to their previous way of life. The hatred and means to put the blacks down was beginning to become incredible because the whites did not want to see blacks become their equals and wanted no help or interaction with their former chattel (Document B). Segregation in the South was becoming more relevant during the time of Reconstruction. At first, there were public areas, such as schools, that accepted both black and white children. Even with such established integrated public places, white Southerners still refused to send their children to school with black children. The court case Plessy v. Ferguson made the term â€Å"separate but equal† sanctified in Supreme Court. This means that black and white accommodations had to be equal, but permitted to be separated. This case also established the Jim Crow Laws, which made the segregation of the races possible. In all reality, although Plessy v. Ferguson determined that black and white accommodations were separate but equal, the accommodations of the whites were of higher standards than those of the former slaves. The segregated and racist mindset of the whites in the South made it hard for the former slaves to make any progress because every step the African Americans took toward securing their civil liberties, the whites were there to take a stand against them by any means. Fredrick Douglass believe that all people in the South could live together in peace if the South merely cooperated (Document D). The Election of 1876 would be the death of Radical Reconstruction. After a discrepancy with the votes in the election, a compromise was made that would make Republican Rutherford B. Hayes the presidential winner. The victory of the Republican party would then mean that the Union army must pull out of the five Southern regions. Thus, the Freedmen are now turned away from by the Radical Republicans and are left for the Southerners to handle. The Southern whites will continue to oppress the former slaves and will try to take away every right they have come to gain. The only way for the Freemen to become rich with their civil rights and able to express them would be to take the opportunities away from the whites to oppress them. If the oppression of the blacks by the whites is continuously ignored, then it will be impossible for the blacks to even become completely equal with the whites among them. How to cite Reconstruction Dbq, Papers

Community Policing In Canada-.com

Question: Choose any Canadian Police and you have to talk about the Community Programs they doing right now and present your thoughts on to it. Answer: Introduction Community policing refers to the allocation of polices in to the community so that they become well acquainted with the inhabitants of the local inhabitants. A community police normally have partnerships with the agency that enforces law and other government agencies, non government organizations, community members, media as well as private businesses (Cordner, 2014). Main aim of community policing is to solve the problems of the public by putting on the shoes of the public and remaining inside the community. This paper aims to focus on a particular group of Canadian police, The Edmonton police. The paper will give a vivid description of the Canadian police, their method of working, their strategies taken up for the protection of the community and the sustainability of those strategies followed by a set of recommendations. Community policing Community policing may be defined as a strategy of policing that involves the working closely and building ties with the members of the community. In community policing the police needs to inherit a pro-active approach to address the concerns of the public safety. A community policy also provides the scope of the offender rehabilitation by making a sustainable society and understanding the underlying cause of the wickedness of the criminals (Gill et al., 2014). The duties and the attributes can give opportunity to the criminals to correction by evidence based correctional practice. There are several problems inside a community which cannot be recognized if one is not in the system and those problems will not be taken care of. It is the duty of a police to communicate with the members of the community (Cordner, 2014). Police acts a link between the public and law. Community policing helps the members of the community against anti-social activities by the implementation of crime prevention strategies and bringing the issues under the legal terms. Is community policing effective? There are some primary element of community policing which are community partnership, organizational transformation and problem solving skills. A community policing will be able to provide effective services to any organization or a community by collaborative partnership with the law enforcement agency (Cordner, 2014). Community policing is necessary as polices can engage in the systematic examination of the individual problems and evaluate them with appropriate responses (Bennett, 2014). It has to be remembered that community policing cannot solve a problem alone and generally requires the active participation of the stakeholders. The link of the police with different government and nongovernmental organizations provide also help the common people to get access to these services. There should be a shift to the long term assignment of the police officers to specific geographical area. It should be remembered that geographic deployment helps to provide better facilities to the public. It helps to enhance more contact with the people and maintain a strong relationship with the people. Reports suggest that community police strategies create a positive effect on the satisfaction of the citizens. One of the studies showed that community oriented policing have been able to reduce the crime up to 10 % (Sampson, 2013). As said by Bennett, (2014), a community police community policing emphasizes on the on stopping the crime before it occurs and respond and take necessary steps after the occurrence of the crime. In such a case a prompt action has to be taken. A community police helps the members of the community to have more control over their life. In order to understand all the problems of the neighborhood it is necessary to become a part of the community (Cordner, 2014). A greater trust is required to be built between the police and the common public and this is only possible via community policing. According to Kappeler Gaines, (2012), community police plays a pivotal role to promote public safety and improve the quality of life. There may be several grievances in a community which sometimes does not reach to the government, the community policing helps to bridge this gap and provide effective service to the people (Brogden Nijhar, 2013). Getting the community involved helps the police with var ious resources for the prevention of crime. Unlike the traditional system of policing the policing goals are expanded and the viewpoint regarding the community is changed (Cotton Coleman, 2010). According to concepts of the traditional police system, societies are not within the realm of the department of police. Police officers are normally tied to the dispatcher and generally to not have excess time to do anything more than that. But now, it has become necessary to create an interpersonal relationship between the police and the community. As proposed by Gill et al., (2014), community policing also have certain advantages. One of the main advantages of community policing is that it reduces the fear among the members of the community. The residents of the community can lead a secured life. The quality of life is improved and the crime is reduced (Brogde Nijhar, 2013). Community police provides chance to the community members such that they can come up with their problems. In this way community police can provide a myriad of advantages. As opposed by Gill et al., (2014), it is really difficult to establish a community involvement and to establish a partnership with the community and the police. Most of the members of the community always try to remain aloof from matters related to law and police. Canadian police services The Edmonton police of Canada service work with the members of the community to mitigate the crime rates within the community. Edmonton is a city where people have excellent culture of helping out every body. Edmonton police service (EPS) are able to combat the organized crimes such as unrest related to gangs, drugs, hatred and biasness and other economic crimes. The Edmonton police service is located throughout the city for serving the citizens of Alberta. Apart from the Police headquarters, each operational division of the town has got 5 larger stations. A district team policing model is followed by the Edmonton police, which help the officers to identify the community crimes quickly. There are 6 divisions in the city each having four districts. Each district has got a community sergeant and community liaison constables (CLC), who are devoted to work alongside the partners and the community b identifying and prioritizing the crime. The sergeant along with the CLC teams work in coll aboration with the community to make a sustainable to live in (Cotton Coleman, 2010). Gang related violence is a major concern for the citizens of Edmonton. Drug, presents a significant threat to the community. The hatred and the bias motivated might have a debilitating or catastrophic impact on the victims (Sampson, 2013). The Edmonton police service also acts promptly in case of economic crimes and cyber frauds, mass market frauds, identify frauds and frauds related to plastic money (O'Connor, 2017). Strategies taken up by the Canadian Police services The Canadian police service has taken up innovative strategies for managing the crimes such as the Edmonton police mobile app. There is an emergency number '911' which can be used by the communities in case of an emergency situation("Edmonton Police Service", 2017). There are provisions for speaker phones termed as 'blue and yellow phones', since the six Edmonton Police service stations does not stay open 24x7, this bright yellow phones are available outside the police stations, which directly connects to the police communication centre, which enables one to speak with an evaluator ("Edmonton Police Service", 2017). The blue speaker phone directly connects to the emergency number. As said earlier that community policing involves the community, hence the Edmonton police encourages the citizens to report all the crimes occurring (Family Protection, 2017). EPS participated in NWEST, which is a federally sponsored program that has been designed to combat weapon trafficking and smuggling ("Family Protection", 2017). Sustainability of the strategies The collaboration of the Edmonton police with the NWEST can be a sustainable step as the team often receives phone calls from the normal citizens, asking about questions about registering guns or how the guns can be transported or stored ("Edmonton Police Service", 2017). This strategy helps the citizens to maintain law and order in the city in relation to weapons and stops the trafficking of weapons. The mobile app can be useful fir the users to report crime. It can also be helpful to the cops as the forces would remain alert of the conditions of all the places of the city. The availability of the patrol officers in five divisions of the cities helps in the prevention of crime in broad daylight. The Edmonton police also offer specialized units such as flight operations, crime scene investigation, canine, search and rescue, aboriginal relations ("Edmonton Police Service", 2017). The school resource officers (SROs) are helpful in making the school a safe and caring place for learning. They help in preventing the student unrest (Stone Travis, 2013). The EPS also protects the citizens from child abuse, spousal violence, and elder abuse. The monitoring system of the EPS is effective in monitoring the high risk offenders of the city (Family Protection, 2017). The EPS understands the legalities of the prostitution and criminal mental health issues. The sensitive management of these crises indicates the sustainability of the strategies ("Edmonton Police Service", 2017). Recommendations Even after the strategies taken up by the Canadian police service, gang related violence is still prevalent in the city, which indicates the gaps and loops left in the police service. In order to prevent this, the patrolling officers should be more prompt in their action to prevent the unavoidable crime rates. It has been mentioned earlier that all the community police stations do not remain open 24x7. Although there are provisions for emergency phones, sometimes it might happen that the news of a particular crime cannot be disseminated due to some technical issue over the phone. Hence, it is important that the facilities are available the whole day. Conclusion Community policing thus helps to reduce the disorder, crime, fear among the public and help to increase the satisfaction and legitimacy among the populations. The Edmonton policing service is able to focus on the major problems in the city and have made the strategies accordingly. The provision of the mobile apps and the yellow and the blue phones are successful and can sustain in the long run. In spite of all these, there are crimes still going on in the cities. Hence it can be said that the community police should remain a bit alert from their side and should act quickly as it is always better to take precautions before occurrence of any crime References Bennett, Z. V. T. (2014). Communityoriented policing to reduce crime, disorder and fear and increase satisfaction and legitimacy among citizens: a systematic review. Brogden, M., Nijhar, P. (2013).Community policing. Routledge. Coldren Jr, J. R., Huntoon, A., Medaris, M. (2013). Introducing smart policing: Foundations, principles, and practice.Police Quarterly,16(3), 275-286. Coldren Jr, J. R., Huntoon, A., Medaris, M. (2013). Introducing smart policing: Foundations, principles, and practice.Police Quarterly,16(3), 275-286. Cordner, G. (2014). Community policing.The Oxford handbook of police and policing, 148-171. Cotton, D., Coleman, T. G. (2010). Canadian police agencies and their interactions with persons with a mental illness: A systems approach.Police Practice and Research: An International Journal,11(4), 301-314. Edmonton Police Service. (2017).Edmontonpolice.ca. Retrieved 29 November 2017, from https://www.edmontonpolice.ca/ Family Protection. (2017).Edmontonpolice.ca. Retrieved 29 November 2017, from https://www.edmontonpolice.ca/CommunityPolicing/FamilyProtection.aspx Gill, C., Weisburd, D., Telep, C. W., Vitter, Z., Bennett, T. (2014). Community-oriented policing to reduce crime, disorder and fear and increase satisfaction and legitimacy among citizens: a systematic review.Journal of Experimental Criminology,10(4), 399-428. Kappeler, V. E., Gaines, L. K. (2012).Community policing: A contemporary perspective. Routledge. O'Connor, C. D. (2017). The police on Twitter: image management, community building, and implications for policing in Canada.Policing and society,27(8), 899-912. Sampson, R. J. (2013). The place of context: a theory and strategy for criminology's hard problems.Criminology,51(1), 1-31. Stone, C., Travis, J. (2013). Toward a new professionalism in policing.JIJIS,13, 11.

To Determination the Partition Coefficient of Ethanoic Acid Between Water and Butan-2-Ol Essay Example

To Determination the Partition Coefficient of Ethanoic Acid Between Water and Butan-2-Ol Paper To determination the partition coefficient of ethanoic acid between water and butan-2-ol. Procedure 1. The room temperature was recorded. 2. 15cm3 of the given aqueous ethanoic acid and 15cm3 of butan-2-ol were poured into a 100cm3 separating funnel, using suitable apparatus. The funnel was stoppered and was shook vigorously for 1 to 2 minutes. (The pressure in the funnel was released by occasionally opening the tap. ) 3. 10cm3 of each layer was separated approximately. (The fraction near the junction of the two layers was discarded. ) 4. 10. cm3 of the aqueous layer was pipetted into a conical flask and was titrated with 0. 1 M sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein. 5. Using another pipette, 10. 0 cm3 of the alcohol layer was delivered into a conical flask and was titrated with 0. 1 M sodium hydroxide solution. 6. Steps (2) to (5) was repeated with another separating funnel using the following volume: 25cm3 of aqueous ethanoic acid and 15cm3 of butan-2-ol 7. For each exper iment, the ratio of the concentration of ethanoic acid in the aqueous layer to that in the butan-2-ol layer was calculated. Result Room temperature: 29? Volume of butan-2-ol: 15 cm3 |Volume of 0. 2M ethanoic acid / |Volume of 0. 1M NaOH titre for |Volume of 0. 1M NaOH titre for|Partition coefficient | |cm3 |aqueous layer / cm3 |alcohol layer / cm3 |K= | |15 |10. 00 |12. 55 |0. 796 | |25 |12. 10 |15. 60 |0. 76 | Conclusion The partition coefficient of ethanoic acid between water and butan-2-ol is : = =0. 786 Discussion 1. Shaking is necessary in step (2) because it made it faster to attain equilibrium state. 2. When temperature increases, the solubility of the two solvents increase. But the rate of the increase in solubility are not the same, it is expected that the partition coefficient varies with temperature. 3. The aim of titration is to find the concentration of the solvent, but not the total number of mole in the solvent. We will write a custom essay sample on To Determination the Partition Coefficient of Ethanoic Acid Between Water and Butan-2-Ol specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To Determination the Partition Coefficient of Ethanoic Acid Between Water and Butan-2-Ol specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To Determination the Partition Coefficient of Ethanoic Acid Between Water and Butan-2-Ol specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, the volumes of the aqueous and alcohol solution used in the titration must be known as accurately as possible in order to find accurately concentration. The aim of adding aqueous ethanoic acid and 2-methypropan-1-ol is only to leave the mixture to equilibrium and provide enough solvent for the titration. Therefore the amounts of aqueous ethanoic acid and 2-methypropan-1-ol need not be measured out accurately. 4. The following assumptions are made: a) The temperature of the mixture remained constant throughout the experiment. This assumption was valid as it was felt (by hand) that the temperature of the separating funnel did not changed throughout the experiment. b) Ethanoic acid, water and butan-2-ol are non-volatile and do not evaporate slowly. This assumption is not valid because there is a smell of alcohol over the separating funnel. That means that there are particles coming out from the mixture in the separating funnel. 5. Solvent extraction is more efficient if the extraction solvent is added in small portions several times instead of all at once. Therefore it is more fficient to extract a solute with two 25cm3 portions of solvent rather than with a single 50cm3 extraction. 6. The applications of the partition law: a) By partition law, the KD can be found experimentally. The amount of the solute that can be extracted using solvent extraction can be predicted, instead of using other complex method. b) By partition law, we know that the amount of solute extracted is more when the extracting solvent is added in several small portions instead of all at once. 7. Butan-2-ol is much lighter than water. Therefore butan-2-ol is at the top of the mixture while water is at the bottom.

Biography of Dom Pedro I, First Emperor of Brazil

Biography of Dom Pedro I, First Emperor of Brazil Dom Pedro I (October 12, 1798–September 24, 1834) was the first Emperor of Brazil and was also Dom Pedro IV, King of Portugal. He is best remembered as the man who declared Brazil independent from Portugal in 1822. He set himself up as Emperor of Brazil but returned to Portugal to claim the crown after his father died, abdicating Brazil in favor of his young son Pedro II. He died young in 1834 at the age of 35. Fast Facts: Dom Pedro I Known For: Declaring Brazils independence and serving as emperorAlso Known As: Pedro de Alcà ¢ntara Francisco Antà ³nio Joo Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim Josà © Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim, The Liberator, The Soldier KingBorn: October 12, 1798 in the  Queluz Royal Palace  near  Lisbon,  PortugalParents: Prince Dom Joo (later King Dom  Joo  VI), Doà ±a  Carlota JoaquinaDied: September 24, 1834  at Queluz Palace, Lisbon, PortugalAwards and Honors:  Multiple Brazilian and Portuguese titles and honorsSpouse(s): Maria Leopoldina, Amà ©lie of LeuchtenbergChildren: Maria (later Queen Dona  Maria  II of Portugal),  Miguel,  Joo,  Januria,  Paula,  Francisca, PedroNotable Quote: It grieves me to see my fellow humans giving a man tributes appropriate for the divinity, I know that my blood is the same color as that of the Negroes. Early Life Dom Pedro I was born with the lengthy name of Pedro de Alcà ¢ntara Francisco Antà ³nio Joo Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim Josà © Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim on October 12, 1798, in the Queluz Royal Palace outside of Lisbon. He was descended from royal lineage on both sides: on his fathers side, he was of the House of Braganà §a, the royal house of Portugal, and his mother was Carlota of Spain, daughter of King Carlos IV. At the time of his birth, Portugal was ruled by Pedros grandmother Queen Maria I, whose sanity was quickly deteriorating. Pedros father Joo VI essentially ruled in his mothers name. Pedro became heir to the throne in 1801 when his older brother died. As a young prince, Pedro had the best schooling and tutoring available. Flight to Brazil In 1807, Napoleon’s troops conquered the Iberian Peninsula. Wishing to avoid the fate of the ruling family of Spain, who were â€Å"guests† of Napoleon, the Portuguese royal family and court fled to Brazil. Queen Maria, Prince Joo, young Pedro, and thousands of other nobles set sail in November of 1807 just ahead of Napoleon’s approaching troops. They were escorted by British warships, and Britain and Brazil would enjoy a special relationship for decades to follow. The royal convoy arrived in Brazil in January of 1808: Prince Joo set up a court-in-exile in Rio de Janeiro. Young Pedro rarely saw his parents; his father was very busy governing and left Pedro to his tutors and his mother was an unhappy woman who was estranged from her husband, had little desire to see her children, and lived in a different palace. Pedro was a bright young man who was good in his studies when he applied himself, but he lacked discipline. Pedro, Prince of Brazil As a young man, Pedro was handsome and energetic and fond of physical activities like horseback riding, at which he excelled. He had little patience for things that bored him, such as his studies or statecraft, although he did develop into a very skilled woodworker and musician. He was also fond of women and began a string of affairs at a young age. He was betrothed to Archduchess Maria Leopoldina, an Austrian Princess. Married by proxy, he was already her husband when he greeted her at the port of Rio de Janeiro six months later. Together they would have seven children. Leopoldina was much better at statecraft than Pedro and the people of Brazil loved her, although Pedro found her plain and continued to have regular affairs, much to Leopoldinas dismay. Pedro Becomes Emperor of Brazil In 1815, Napoleon was defeated and the Braganà §a family was once again rulers of Portugal. Queen Maria, by then long descended into madness, died in 1816, making Joo king of Portugal. Joo was reluctant to move the court back to Portugal, however, and ruled from Brazil via a proxy council. There was some talk of sending Pedro to Portugal to rule in his fathers place, but in the end Joo decided he had to go to Portugal himself in order to make sure that Portuguese liberals did not entirely do away with the position of the king and royal family. In April 1821, Joo departed, leaving Pedro in charge. He told Pedro that if Brazil started moving toward independence, he should not fight it and instead make sure he was crowned emperor. Independence of Brazil The people of Brazil, who had enjoyed the privilege of being the seat of royal authority, did not take well to returning to colony status. Pedro took his fathers advice, and also that of his wife, who wrote to him: The apple is ripe: pick it now, or it will rot. Pedro dramatically declared independence on September 7, 1822, in the city of So Paulo. He was crowned emperor of Brazil on December 1, 1822. Independence was achieved with very little bloodshed: some Portuguese loyalists fought in isolated locations, but by 1824 all of Brazil was unified with relatively little violence. In this, Scottish Admiral Lord Thomas Cochrane was invaluable: with a very small Brazilian fleet, he drove the Portuguese out of Brazilian waters with a combination of muscle and bluff. Pedro proved himself skillful in dealing with rebels and dissidents. By 1824, Brazil had its own Constitution and its independence was recognized by the United States and Great Britain. On August 25, 1825, Portugal formally recognized Brazils independence; it helped that Joo was the king of Portugal at the time. A Troubled Ruler After independence, Pedro’s lack of attention to his studies came back to haunt him. A series of crises made life difficult for the young ruler. Cisplatina, one of Brazil’s southern provinces, split off with encouragement from Argentina: it would eventually become Uruguay. He had a well-publicized falling-out with Josà © Bonifcio de Andrada, his chief minister and mentor. In 1826 his wife Leopoldina died, apparently of an infection brought on after a miscarriage. The people of Brazil loved her and lost respect for Pedro due to his well-known dalliances; some even said that she had died because he hit her. Back in Portugal, his father died in 1826 and pressure mounted on Pedro to go to Portugal to claim the throne there. Pedro’s plan was to marry his daughter Maria to his brother Miguel, which would make Maria queen and Miguel regent. The plan failed when Miguel seized power in 1828. Abdication of Pedro I of Brazil Pedro began looking to remarry, but word of his poor treatment of the respected Leopoldina preceded him and most European princesses wanted nothing to do with him. He eventually settled on Amà ©lie of Leuchtenberg. He treated Amà ©lie well, even banishing his longtime mistress, Domitila de Castro. Although he was quite liberal for his time- he favored the abolition of slavery and supported the Constitution- he continually fought with the Brazilian Liberal party. In March of 1831, Brazilian liberals and Portuguese royalists fought in the streets. He responded by firing his liberal cabinet, leading to outrage and calls for him to abdicate. He did so on April 7, abdicating in favor of his son Pedro, then 5 years old. Brazil would be ruled by regents until Pedro II came of age. Return to Europe Pedro I had great troubles in Portugal. His brother Miguel had usurped the throne and had a firm hold on power. Pedro spent time in France and Great Britain; both nations were supportive but unwilling to get involved in a Portuguese civil war. He entered the city of Porto in July of 1832 with an army consisting of liberals, Brazilians, and foreign volunteers. Things went poorly at first because King Manuels army was much larger and laid siege to Pedro in Porto for over a year. Pedro then sent some of his forces to attack the south of Portugal, a surprise move that worked. Lisbon fell in July 1833. Just as it looked like the war was over, Portugal got drawn into the First Carlist War in neighboring Spain; Pedros assistance kept Queen Isabella II of Spain in power. Death Pedro was at his best in times of crises, as the years of warring had actually brought out the best in him. He was a natural wartime leader who had a real connection to the soldiers and people who suffered in the conflict. He even fought in the battles. In 1834 he won the war: Miguel was exiled from Portugal forever and Pedros daughter Maria II was placed upon the throne. She would rule until 1853. The warring, however, took its toll on Pedros health. By September 1834, he was suffering from advanced tuberculosis. He died on September 24 at the age of 35. Legacy During his reign, Pedro I was unpopular with the people of Brazil, who resented his impulsiveness, lack of statecraft, and mistreatment of the beloved Leopoldina. Although he was quite liberal and favored a strong Constitution and the abolition of slavery, Brazilian liberals constantly criticized him. Today, however, Brazilians and Portuguese alike respect his memory. His stance on the abolition of slavery was ahead of its time. In 1972, his remains were returned to Brazil with great fanfare. In Portugal, he is respected for overthrowing his brother Miguel, who had put an end to modernizing reforms in favor of a strong monarchy. During Pedros day, Brazil was far from the united nation it is today. Most of the towns and cities were located along the coast and contact with the mostly unexplored interior was irregular. Even the coastal towns were fairly isolated from one another and correspondence often went first through Portugal. Powerful regional interests, such as coffee growers, miners, and sugarcane plantations were growing, threatening to split the country apart. Brazil could very easily have gone the way of the Republic of Central America or Gran Colombia and been split up, but Pedro I and his son Pedro II were firm in their determination to keep Brazil whole. Many modern Brazilians credit Pedro I with the unity they enjoy today. Sources Adams, Jerome R. Latin American Heroes: Liberators and Patriots from 1500 to the Present. New York: Ballantine Books, 1991.Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962Levine, Robert M. The History of Brazil. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

Application Letter for Communication Design - myassignmenthelp

All my life I have lacked the grade that was required to be a good student. I was not the child that my parents wanted. The only thing that interested me was art. In my life, I went through difficulties; the only thing that stayed with me was art, and I never lost that in my life. It stayed constant with time, and since then, I developed a liking for watercolours and contrasts. I never thought that there was so much to explore in this field. When I was in 11 th grade, my classmates were busy aspiring to become a doctor, engineer or a banker. The only thing I wanted was to paint the canvas and never grow out of it. Then, when I realized that I only want art all my life and pursue a career in art. Since then, I started working towards my passion for paint and art. I joined painting class, and to my surprise, I discovered that I have a love for art. It was soothing for me to escape into the world of art. After the course completion, I did not stop painting. Since then I took my passion seriously and purchased my paint, brushes and canvas. I started painting at home, it gave me a feeling of accomplishment, and I continued that.   After a while, I attended a workshop conducted by famous fashion icon and stylist, Alex Perry in Australia. My interest for art grew, and I started searching for a breakthrough to fulfil my career in arts. I searched through countless programs, courses and schools, but was not aware of what exactly I wanted. Finally, my search ended and I found FIT. It is a dream for me to land in the prefect fashion school in New York and was daunting for me. To apply for such a standard reputed college was beyond my expectations. My parents were silent; however, I thought that I cannot let my dreams go. I was scared. However, FIT is not just a fashion school for me rather my life experience. It is a challenge and a decision for the lifetime. I look forwards towards my journey at FIT and the upcoming challenges that I have to face. The opportunities that FIT will give me are far more rewarding. I love to paint, it gives me happiness, and I think nothing better that I can think and make it into a career. Painting is a beautiful thing and for it is a medium of self-expression. Through painting, I can express myself and FIT will give me the opportunity to create a world of my own. I get lost in the world of abstractness and creativity whenever I look at the blank canvas. I think FIT will act as a catalyst for enhancing my skills and helping me win a place in the fashion industry. It will help me to transform the view of designing in society. The combination of colours giving rise to different shades fascinated me. The design principles and the way it changes the perceptions of beauty is surprising for me. The feeling of ecstasy when I find the font after the elements are unified is priceless. I am captivated by the element disruption and flow of beauty that create designing. I want to show that the beauty in places and things can change one’s life that captivated me. When a person is aware of the designing, there is a change in their perceptions and give an experience that can charm one’s senses. This is the reason I want to pursue my majors in Communication Design and learn the changing viewpoints and comprehension of art that makes one crave. I think FIT will help me to learn the skills required for this industry and transform the concept of designing in the society. I will give my best, as art is a part of me. I know that I have the potential to pursue my career and succeed in FIT. I have the determination and passion to work and do my best to pursue my career in fashion. I will give my full dedication, creativity and enthusiasm to prove my potential and opportunity to achieve my goals and flourish in my chosen career.  Ã‚  

Theory of Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Theory of Knowledge - Essay Example An inference to the proven theory is necessary, as it can be used for rectifying the problems in future. Existing knowledge pertains to the unique characteristics of the logic. Knowledge has various instances using which they can be developed. Mathematics and Science are two fields which require proper explanation. Still there exists a doubt whether mathematics is invented or discovered. This needs clear description of mathematical concepts. Discovery is the introduction of a concept which already exists. Invention is finding a theory that does not exist. Bringing a particular concept into existence is known as invention. Mathematical concepts do not depend on a person's belief. It is composed of pure logic and its definition. Each statement needs a proof to make others believe.(Parker 1996). As mathematics is mostly based on theorems, each of them requires a separate logic to prove that the theorem is true. There are specific ideas behind every invention. The process of implying these ideas in the real world concepts play a vital role. Some people believe that mathematics is a discovery. They rely on this by means of Plato. It is a theory that says structures are used to build mathematics. Mathematicians find out the sol ution by using the internal logic. Mathematics comprises statements which are either true or false. Hence this value helps in the further development. The state of mathematics depends on people's perception. Some people think it as an abstraction of the people who derive the formula and its usage. Mathematics is composed of formula using which each concept is described. Each of these concepts has its own theorems and methods to solve a given problem. The aspect defines logic and its evolution. The concepts have some connection with physics. As physics is composed of equations, mathematics helps in solving them. (Piscopo 2009). Mathematics was already in existence. Mathematicians discovered it and its components. There are different qualities which make up mathematics. The person working on it should possess the ability to make use of the existing qualities to find a solution. In the beginning, mathematics was not represented properly. After some decades, numbers were used to represent them. With the use of special symbols the process was made easier, as people found it suitable to be implemented. This seemed to be efficient than the methods that was followed earlier. Humans invented the way to use mathematics and his abilities to improve it took it to a great extent. Mathematics is considered to be tool, using which the calculations are described. It depends on the mathematicians, people believed whatever a mathematician discovered. It is seen as a model, in some case, where this model is used as a base for other concepts to be created. (Faitonah 2008). The debate of whether mathematics was invented or discovered is still going on. Mathematicians have been trying to find an answer for this. There are certain ways to know whether it was invented or discovered. Perception is an important way which differs from person to person. Based on one's perception, the impact of mathematics differs. One person may think mathematics might have been invented, another may think it is discovered. They come to this conclusion, based on their own views and ideas. The way they look at mathematics is different. Here perception acts as a foundation that helps in deciding.

American Court System U3IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Court System U3IP - Research Paper Example Certain provisions included in the Bill Of Rights also provide protection to criminal offenders in the United States in terms of providing them with certain lawful rights (National Archives, n.d.). However, there are certain protections that are available to criminal offenders through the Bill of Rights that do not currently apply to the states. In this regard, these protections include protection from excessive bail or fines, protection from unusual or cruel punishment and protection from indictment by grand jury among others. Amongst these protections mentioned, the excerpt from the law or the 5th Amendment guarantees that criminal trial will only be conducted on a grand jury indictment. However, this protection of criminal offenders will not be incorporated in the states as per the ‘Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment’. Furthermore, 8th Amendment of the Bill Of Rights depicts that criminals will be protected from unkind or unusual punishments that are provided to them in accordance with the law. The amendment also deals with safeguarding the criminal offenders from extreme fines and bail imposed over them. ... It further determines about how a particular proceeding will be enforced towards a substantive law. Procedural based protections for criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights are also depicted as the principles considered by the Constitution, while conducting trial for criminal offenders in the court of law ([2] UMKC, 2013). On the other hand, substantive law deals with safeguarding the fundamental rights and liberties of any citizen. This provision of the law depicts that any citizen in the United States will be equally protected relating to their fundamental rights and will be liable to obtain fair and reasonable treatments from the law in accordance with the fundamental rights possess by the citizens. In precise, it can be stated that substantive law are those general rights of any citizen that reserves the power of an individual to conduct certain specific activities (Stanford University, n.d.). Q. 3. Which of the protections available to criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights a re procedural, and which are substantive? The ‘Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment’ of the U.S. Supreme Court has divided the Bill of Rights into two parts, which comprised procedural and substantive. In this regard, the protections that are available to criminal offenders in the Bill of Rights can be viewed to be procedural along with substantive. Gaining a comprehensive understanding with regard to the division of criminal protections amid the two parts will be a vital concern. In this regard, according the due process of the 14th amendment, a few of the criminal protections depicted in the Bill Of Rights that are included in the procedural section, will comprise the following. An unbiased tribunal The

Hedda Gabler Essay Essay Example for Free

Hedda Gabler Essay Essay In Ibsen’s drama Hedda Gabler, Hedda was a wealthy woman with a great background, until she marries Mr. Tesman. When she is chained down to this man she starts to become unstable and reveals how truly devilish she can be. From manipulating her loved ones to down-right killing them. These incidents occur because of jealousy and boredom. Hedda’s first act of despicableness is first presented when she talks to her husband’s aunt. She mentions that the maid will be unsuitable because â€Å"She’s left her old hat behind her on the chair. †, when really, it was Miss Tesman’s hat. We later find out when she is speaking to Brack that she had known all along it was her hat and just wanted to insult her. This shows how bored Hedda is where she feels the need to come up with something like that. She is also unhappy with her marriage so she doesn’t want to get close to any of her husbands family. In act 4 of the play Hedda gives Lovborg a pistol so he can â€Å"die beautifully†. She does this because she is still somewhat attached to Lovborg and is jealous of him and Thea’s relationship that was forming. She even starts to go somewhat mad after Lovborg and Thea leave. The manuscript begins to get ripped apart by Hedda, as she throws it into the fire saying, â€Å"I’m burning your child Thea!† This shows that she has basically reached a breaking point and has officially gone off the end. Hedda is a very hard character to play. This is because she is very contradicting, as Ibsen states, â€Å"sympathetically unsympathetic†. You feel sympathy for Hedda because she seems to be broken. She has been socially trapped into marriage and baring a child. Although this does not justify her actions which still keeps you scornful towards her. All in all Hedda is a very indifferent woman with a independence that she will not be taken away from her. She manipulates and deceives people in order to get her way. Yet she was slowly killing herself by doing so. This may be why her character is so hard to play, she is in a way, a very non-relatable character.

Explication of Emily Dickinsons I Felt a Funeral in My Brain Essay

Explication of Emily Dickinson's "I Felt a Funeral in My Brain" Works Cited Not Included In the poem "I Felt a Funeral in My Brain" Emily Dickinson exposes a person's intense anguish and suffering as they sink into a state of extreme madness. The poem is a carefully constructed analysis of the speaker's own mental experience. Dickinson uses the image of a funeral-service to symbolize the death of the speaker's sanity. The poem is terrifying for the reader as it depicts a realization of the collapse of one's mental stability, which is horrifying for most. The reader experiences the horror of the speaker's descending madness as the speaker's mind disintegrates and loses its grasp on reality. "I Felt a Funeral in My Brain," by Emily Dickinson creates an illusion of a mind becoming unstable by expressing the speaker's pain, describing her irrationality, and the speaker tragically ending her existence. The first major reason that "I Felt a Funeral in My Brain" creates an illusion of a mind becoming unstable is by expressing the speaker's pain. It is obvious through the first and second stanza that the speaker is aware that she is losing her sense of stability. The speaker is fighting to keep her sanity as the pressure of her "sense was breaking through" (line 4). The "Mourners" that are "treading - treading" represent the pain that she is feeling while battling her fight to keep her mental state (line 2-3). The repetition of the word "treading - treading" only emphasizes the fact that she is losing her battle and it has become apparent to her (line 3). Finally, she gives up her fight, which is why "they were all seated," indicating that she is accepting that her sanity is leaving her. Her sanity... ...mind will be peaceful once more as it has all of eternity to rest. In conclusion, "I Felt a Funeral in My Brain," by Emily Dickinson creates an illusion of a mind becoming unstable by expressing the speaker's pain, describing her irrationality, and the speaker tragically ending her existence. Throughout the poem, the speaker's feelings of grief and pain are evident. As a result of her pain and grief, it becomes obvious that the speaker must choose between a state of madness or a state of solitude. Due to her irrational state of mind, the speaker chooses to commit suicide as she feels that it is the only method for her to control her own destiny. The poem truly expresses a person's loss of connection with reality. The poem not only gives an intense examination of insanity, but it also reflects a person's soul as it moves towards its final breakdown.

Review of Peter the Panderer

In this fictitious political speech I identified arguments and non-arguments, facts and non-facts, statements that are subjective and statements that are relativist. The fifth paragraph shows an argument. There are a series of statements that support the final claim that â€Å"†¦our community endured the same hard times. † The supporting statements start with Peter’s father being laid off at the Steel Mill, then their family not having enough money for school, and finally the football season being canceled due to low funding.In the fourth paragraph I found the non-argument. The writer of the article, Peter, says that Jon wants you to â€Å"fear losing your job†, â€Å"experience hard times† and that he â€Å"wants to destroy America. † Peter does not explain how Jon is going to get us to be afraid, make us experience hard times, or how he is going to destroy America. There are no explanations that support the writer’s claims and thus tha t makes this paragraph a non-argument. A factual issue can be answered by an objective test. A non-factual issue cannot be proven by experiment.I found the following statements to be fact; paragraph two, â€Å"Wall Street journal recently reported that unemployment has risen 4 percent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Also in paragraph two, â€Å"In 2009, he signed an executive order†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In paragraph three, a factory worker was laid off in Michigan. In paragraph four, â€Å"The average American family now earns 5,000 dollars less per year†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In paragraph five, â€Å"Our high school football season was cancelled due to lack of funding. † I believe all of these statements can be proven to be true or false and so then are considered to be fact.The next set of statements I found to be non-facts; in paragraph one, â€Å"We are at a turning point in our history†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In paragraph two, â€Å"†¦America is the greatest country on Earth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And in paragraph five, â€Å"All of us felt that outsourcing was unethical†¦Ã¢â‚¬  All of these statements are a matter of the writer’s values, opinions and beliefs; they cannot be proven and therefore are considered non-facts. A subjective statement is found in the first paragraph, â€Å"My economic plan will create jobs and put money in your pocket. † This statement plays off of people’s feelings.Who wouldn’t want more jobs or more money? However, this information cannot be counted or measured. Peter uses this as a positive statement which he hopes would make people feel good and thus hopefully vote for him. A relativist statement is found in the fifth paragraph, â€Å"All of us felt that outsourcing was unethical because without work in the local factory, none of us would be able to eat. † Peter was making this statement based on his cultured experiences. From his viewpoint he perceived that this situation was unethical.

Clovis lithic technology: Investigation of a stratified workshop at the Gault Site Essay

Environmental philosophies Introduction According to Martin (â€Å"Pleistocene Overkill†), what disproves the so- called â€Å"overkill hypothesis†?                  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The loss of small animals, vertebrates, marine life, aquatic organism and plants, is not anywhere substantiated through fossil records; the records do not indicate the loss of organism mentioned above.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2. According to Martin, what is the primary cause of mass extinctions during the Late Pleistocene?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -Extinction is a rapid process that occurs with changing times and climatic conditions as the evolution of new species. This is evidenced by a close examination of fossil records. Partly, this was caused by the prevailing habitant which led to significant extinction of North American horses(Collin & Kay, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3. According to the Scientific American Frontiers documentary â€Å"Coming Into America,† how old are the remains of Arlington Springs Woman?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -In this documentary, the remains are approximately 13,000 years of age.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4. According to the documentary film â€Å"Coming Into America,† what is the current accepted theory in archeology regarding the identity of the first Americans?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   – A study of â€Å"coming to America† opposes the notion and theory of Clovis, this documentary upholds the theory of Arlington spring. It provides more truth and is better substantiated as opposed to Clovis theory   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5. According to the documentary film â€Å"Coming into America,† why is the Arlington Springs Woman so puzzling to archeologists?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -The reason that made scientist to get puzzled is because they had the notion that as earlier as 50, 000 years ago, there was no way a person could have boats, as means of water transport. This is accurately true of any person, who would reflect on the nature of life that people lived 50,000 years ago.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6. According to the documentary film â€Å"Coming Into America,† what prehistoric stone point was lethal against large animals like mammoths, horses, and bison?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   – Archeologists found an entirely new form of stone point which they named Clovis. This points were at various points located in other geographical sites. They were always found with nothing deeper. Therefore, archeologists came to perceive that the inventors of these points were the very first to be found in this land. At the current times, Dennis Stanford reveals that making of Clovis involved basic processes to be implemented. It was very efficient in hunting down large animals including mammoths and lions which at that time had very heavy teeth and were not able to effectively chew bones as it is the case today(Chapdelaine , 2012). The points had flakes on all their sides, they had characteristics which had thin bases, thus allowing the end points to be joined into the spear shaft. After the name was struck, the shaft was then removed, leaving that particular point embedded. After this, the hunters would apply another load in or der to target their next kill. This proved to be very lethal and efficient in bringing down large animals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7. According to archeologist Michael Collins (â€Å"Coming Into America†), what was the number one game animal of the people who lived at Gault 13,000 years ago?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -It is certain that the people who resided, 13,000 years ago, at Gault, were very active and sophisticated game hunters. They however exploited all the resources at their disposal to ensure that they got food and lived happily. Due to the challenges that they encountered they opted to gather berries and small game animals. Therefore, turtles formed an essential part of their meal. They were normally found at the creek.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   8. According to the documentary film â€Å"Coming Into America,† which South American site has called into question the â€Å"Clovis-first† theory and why?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   – Alan learned that there were multiple discoveries which led to the questioning of the theory of Clovis first theory. There was one site called Monte Verde in Chile, which has led to so many controversies for many years. It is believed to be more than a thousand years older than Clovis. At the same time, there was a site in Topper located in South of Carolina. This site also offers powerful evidence as to why Clovis first theory does not suffice. It shows that people resided in Northern, East, and America even before the Clovis people arrived.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   9. According to archeologist Steve Holen (â€Å"Coming Into America†), what evidence is there that might allow us to push the peopling of America back to 18,000 years?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -Holen Steve of the Museum of Denever believes that he can drive the American people further by even 18,000 years with the help of mammoth bones exposed at five sites in the US. Critics claim that the bones might have been broken by animals, but Steve shows Alan why it’s impossible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10. According to the documentary film â€Å"Coming Into America,† via what Alaskan land bridge is it believed that the Clovis people traveled?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -For many years it’s assumed that Clovis people originated through Alaska using a bridge from Siberia, they traveled through the south because ice sheets were all over larger part of Canada(W2aters et al., 2011). It is this reason that archeologist have tried to locate any signs of the Clovis people in the Alaska.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   11. According to archeologist Dennis Stanford (â€Å"Coming Into America†), how might the Solutrean people of Europe have traveled to America?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   – Dennis believes that fossils jaw that is found in Chesapeake, suggest how Solutreans got their way through to the northen part of America. Around 15,000-20,000 years, ice-loving walrus could have made their way through the northern part of America. Dennis also believes that the solutreans got to Chesapeake bringing with them their boats which stretched across the waters of the ocean.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   12. According to Guthrie (â€Å"Primitive Man’s Relationship to Nature†), in what ways do primitive cultures differ from modern society?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   – The modern man seems so isolated and disconnected from nature, perhaps due to the advances in nature and evolved styles of living (Bradley et al., 2010). This unnatural attitude is a result of the notion that man, the primitive man, lived in total harmony with nature as evidenced by the Indians. Contrary the current man, there is a notion that primitive man more so the American Indian was so much attuned to nature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   13. According to Hutchinson (â€Å"The Remaking of the Amerind†), what evidence supports the claim that the notion of Native Americans as â€Å"noble savage† in North America is a myth?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   – This concept faced a lot challenges and criticism with the reality that the Amerind was not meant to be a romantic symbol. Regardless of the brutal attacks of nearly three centuries, that were marked with ‘settler’ and ‘redskin’, the objective the Noble savage could not completely dissipate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   14. On what bases does Hutchinson reject the claim that the pre-Columbian Amerind did not upset the delicate balance of nature?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -The core reason is that movements of population started with early wanderers of Asia who passed through Bering Strait. The strict and harsh competition for agricultural land and hunting grounds forced some groups of communities to move to different regions. This led to exhaustion of agricultural among other natural commodities. The prevailing climatic conditions especially in the valley of upper Missouri, led to movements. Therefore the pre-Columbians did not offset nature. References Bradley, B. A., Collins, M. B., Hemmings, A., Shoberg, M., & Lohse, J. C. (2010).  Clovis technology. Ann Arbor, Mich: International Monographs in Prehistory. Chapdelaine, C., & Association des archeÃŒ ologues du QueÃŒ bec. (2012).  Late Pleistocene archaeology & ecology in the far Northeast. College Station: Texas A & M University Press. Collins, M. B., & Kay, M. (1999).  Clovis blade technology: A comparative study of the Keven Davis Cache, Texas. Austin: University of Texas Press. Waters, M. R., Pevny, C. D., & Carlson, D. L. (2011).  Clovis lithic technology: Investigation of a stratified workshop at the Gault Site, Texas. College Station: Texas A & M University Press. Source document

Hate Relationship with Writers and theInternet

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Local Government Strategy Training Materials Essay - 3

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The Talk Show in Relation to the Free and Democratic Debate Dissertation

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