Business Strategy and Sustainability

Question: Talk about the Business Strategy and Sustainability. Answer: Presentation The task will cover all the significant part of the chose association BHP. A definitive purpose of the task is to cover all the basic zones, which incorporates a basic piece of the organization activities. The goal of the examination is to lead a CSR Report, which will finish up about the inside procedures just as about the corporate social obligation of the association (Reviews, 2013). The idea of the corporate social obligation is one of the most significant part just as one of basic components in each business activities. There are some standard guidelines and guidelines, which an alternate association follows towards keeping up an appropriate CSR in the business procedures (Robinson, 2012). The possibility of an interior review is an autonomous, object confirmation movement, which mostly structured towards including esteem and improves an authoritative activity. The way toward observing the general working of the authoritative plans and strategies, which incorporates business structure, representative practices, and data framework, is known as the possibility of the interior review (Weirich, Churyk, Pearson, 2012). With the assistance of sorting out a legitimate evaluating process, the association will be extremely dynamic towards keeping up all the business morals in an effective way. Foundation of the organization BHP Billiton is an Anglo-Australian mining organization which, which for the most part bargains metals and oil, with its central command in Melbourne. Manageability, honesty, and responsibility are the key traits of the endeavor. It is probably the biggest maker of the greater part products including iron mineral, metallurgical coal, copper, and uranium. It is one of the most established mining organizations on the planet and Australia (BHP Billiton, 2016). The organization is consistently in a learning procedure and makes a legitimate headway with the advanced innovation. The drawn out nature of the organization is to build up a manageable just as a decent connection with the host wares where the association BHP Billiton work to make a positive commitment both the business just as in the general public (BHP Billiton, 2016). The goal of the task is to cover all the significant viewpoints, which will concentrate on what are the various types of components, which this specific associat ion has done during the time spent building up a legitimate corporate social obligation. The business technique of the association put together towards with respect to working resources, which will concentrate on ware, geology, and market (Coombs Holladay, 2012). To accomplish these three factors, the general target of the association is to keep up a legitimate progression of work, which will at the same time search for the assorted variety of the work and the authoritative possibility (Gond Moon, 2012). Investigation of the examination The motivation behind the examination is to feature what are the various types of measures, which this specific association has created to fabricate an appropriate corporate social obligation. The thought of the corporate social obligation will feature the tasks of the business in a suitable way, which will center towards followings various morals (Gonzalez-Perez Leonard, 2013). There are sure elements of corporate social duty. A portion of the basic perspectives, which this association follows in the general business tasks, are featured in the accompanying piece of the examination (Abramowicz, 2013). Natural concerns, human rights, showcase relations, maintainability and corporate control are a portion of the key components of the corporate social duty. In any case, there are a few points of interest, which needs to accentuation in the general procedure of keeping up an appropriate CSR model in the association (AhãÅ"â £mad Crowther, 2013). A portion of the principle points of inte rest of the corporate social duty incorporate representative faithfulness and worker maintenance. It likewise helped the association to build notoriety and brand picture in the business activities. It goes about as a method of notice and advancement, which various gatherings grows regardless of nature just as the goal of the business procedures (Haynes, Murray, Dillard, 2012). The procedure of the association is to claim just as work enormous, long-life, an expandable item in the market. The designs for the association stayed unaltered in the general business activities. The general idea of the CSR relates basically towards accomplishing the result from the administrative choices for concerning various types of explicit issues just as various types of explicit issues (Amaeshi, Nnodim, Osuji, 2013). The effect of a companys activity for the advancement of the general public is a lot of significant for the business. The investigation will cover all the significant part of how this specific association contributes just as builds up the general CSR model in the business procedure (Haynes, Murray, Dillard, 2013). Beforehand, in the corporate world, the monetary primary concern and the investor's arrival on speculation have been the fundamental drivers for the organization towards estimating achievement (Boubaker Nguyen, 2012). The association in the investigati on keeps up a high perspective in the general dynamic strategy for the general public. This piece of the investigation will cover the various points of interest just as angles, which BHB Billiton is profited while applying a high CSR model. Keeping social obligation before the brain urges the business to get ethically and to think about the social and ecological effect of the firm (Coombs Holladay, 2012). In various cases, the association will discover ways towards changing the administration or worth chain, which will convey benefits for the network. Extent of Engagement of CSR This piece of the examination will finish a general review process, which will close how BHP Billiton acts in the corporate social duty. There are six stages, which will finish an effective just as persistent review process, which will focus on the key zones of the corporate social duty of the association (Idowu, Capaldi, Zu, Das Gupta, 2013). Building up need territories and deciding the procedure recurrence are the significant advance, which various supervisors need to contemplate before doing the switch into a constant evaluating process. There are various types of hierarchical zones, which various inspectors regardless of the idea of the idea of the business incorporate (Gattiker, 2013). By examining all the significant elements, the action of picking the authoritative is one of the key destinations of the reviewers (Millichamp Taylor, 2012). The inspector is a lot of worried about what are the key zones that the organization centers around while contributing towards the improvem ent of the general public. The record has chosen to actualize six nonstop procedures towards deciding the commitment of the CSR in the general plan of action. The initial step is to examine the key need regions, which are required by the association to concentrate on the critical parts of the corporate social duty. At that point the reviewer needs to recognize appropriate observing and ceaseless review rules. Deciding the procedure of the survey principles and the procedure of recurrence is another noteworthy which larger part of the examiners acts in the general evaluating process (Gond Moon, 2012). There are various types of examining boundaries which various inspectors independent of the idea of the exhibition receives in the general evaluating process. The most pivotal piece of the check procedure is to build up a legitimate following up process. With the assistance of the suitable observing procedure, the examiner in the general business procedure will have the option to coordinate the genuine exhibition of the association with the arranged presentation (Gonzalez-Perez Leonard, 2013). Correspondence the outcomes will join the both the positive effect just as the negative results of the procedures of the business. Results may be certain or negative. Positive outcomes will help the assurance of the workers, and the directors need to proceed as generally investigate the negative outcomes in the general authoritative techniques (Haynes, Murray, Dillard, 2012). Dissecting the present Understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility As talked about in the past segment of the examination, building up the need regions of the inspecting plans and methods is one of the key responsibility of the reviewing plans and systems. The business procedure, which is recognized in the activities, is the utilization of the CSR (Haynes, Murray, Dillard, 2013). Understanding the accessibility of the consistent review procedure will acquire various types of advantages the procedures. Diverse association independent of the idea of the business adheres to various standards and guidelines towards finishing the thought of Corporate Social Responsibilities. By and by, it has gotten one of the mandatory in the firm towards contributing a piece of the benefit for the improvement of the general public. BHPs Commitment to corporate social duty In view of the service of corporate issues there are sure principles and guidelines which greater part of the organizations in Australia follows in the activities of the business are featured in the accompanying piece of the examination method (Idowu, Capaldi, Zu, Das Gupta, 2013). The association adheres to all the standards and guidelines created by the administration body in an effective way. Coming up next are the key regions, which this specific gathering in the examination BHP Billiton centers around while performing Corporate Social Responsibility. The organization centers around killing yearning, destitution, advancing preventive human services and making accessible for safe drinking water. Improving training in the monetary foundation area of the nation is one of the fundamental points. It incorporates singular training and administration enh

Marshall Plan Essay

How significant was the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall plan to the crystallization of Cold War Tensions in Europe in the years 1945-1951? While considering the crystallization of Cold War strains in Europe one can not neglect the effect of both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan. Despite the fact that occasions were frequently ‘a pattern of activity and response which makes the ID of extreme causes troublesome and most likely impossible’ both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall plan flagged a defining moment in relations among east and west Europe. The cementing of Cold War strains in Europe is, for this exposition, where obviously relations between the United Sates and the Soviet Union were unsalvageable as their ideological contrasts turned out to be progressively spellbound. In spite of the fact that the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan were considered by the American organization as ‘two parts of the equivalent walnut’ to completely investigate the outcomes of the American arrangements one must gander at them independently. The Truman Doctrine hailed in another period for the US’s international strategy through the meaning of control and the presentation of formal organizations, for example, the National Security Council, the Central Intelligence office and the Department of Defense. This demonstrated a move towards a progressively confident international strategy, ostensibly inciting the Soviet Union and heightening strains between the two forces. Also the Marshall Plan’s infringement on what the USSR saw as their authoritative reach through their proposal of budgetary guide set off an undermined Soviet Russia to strengthen their position over satellite states. Their sensational activities in Czechoslovakia can be viewed as proof of the significance of the job the Marshall Plan played in heightening strains in Europe as these occasions can be seen as an immediate outcome of transforming US international strategy. Anyway to completely value the complexities of the issues secured when taking a gander at the improvement of Cold War pressures in Europe one must place these occasions in a more extensive logical system. To disregard the political, social or monetary issues which structure the foundation of this time span is distort the issue. It is thusly basic to look as the circumstance from both US and Soviet perspectives while considering the issues the countries were managing locally. By 1951 Europe was certainly isolated, with two force coalitions rising, east and west. While the definition of these pressures had begun from a mutual history going back to before the war, the zenith of these strains is obviously connected to both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall plan as they ‘solidified divisions of Europe’. The Truman Doctrine, through the job it played in laying out the Soviet Union as the foe and characterizing the American strategy of control, was a gigantically critical advance towards the crystallization of Cold War Tensions in Europe. The Truman Doctrine contended that, after Britain’s need to lessen its cooperation in helping Greece, congress should ‘immediately broaden money related aid’ due to the danger of ‘communist domination’. Nonetheless, a long way from exclusively requesting monetary and military guide for Greece and Turkey the tenet assumed the job of requiring the ‘global control of communism’. The mix of a meaning of the United States’ international strategy towards socialism and the exhibit of their dedication through activity helped the move towards a partitioned Europe. Moreover it cemented and characterized the belief system whereupon US international strategy was made. A key result of the Truman Doctrine was the progressions it caused in the United States’ dynamic procedure. As Painter clarifies, the help evoked for the methodology of control implied that American organizations were ‘able to follow up on their convictions about the connection between governmental issues, financial aspects and US security’. This flagged a time where the US would base their international strategy around their industrialist belief system, one totally at chances with the Soviet Union. These convictions were fortified by the presentation of new administrative organizations, for example, the National Security Council, the Central Intelligence office and the Department of Defense seemingly moving towards a more ‘activist outside policy’ introducing an unmistakable danger to the USSR. Kennan, seen as the dad of regulation was a vital figure in the development of Cold War pressures in Europe through his compositions that propelled the Truman convention. While taking a gander at the impacts of the Truman Doctrine it is basic that we take a gander at the job Kennan took in not just advancing control as a system of international strategy yet additionally characterizing the Soviet Union. From Moscow Kennan sent the ‘Long Telegram’ proposing that the USSR was a forceful country and that the main fruitful type of American international strategy would be a drawn out methodology of regulation. Kennan urged the US to see the Soviet Union as ‘inherently expansionist and aggressive’, as a result proposing that the USSR ought to be viewed as the adversary. While Kennan clarified his activities as not ‘directed at battling socialism however rebuilding of financial health’ in Europe unmistakably his steady talk depicting the Soviet Union as a danger that should have been contained did a lot to not just reassuring household dread and hostile to socialist perspectives yet additionally to incite the Soviet Union into changing its international strategy. Kennan would additionally impact the heightening of pressures through the job he played in the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan, similar to the Truman Doctrine, might not have planned to separate Europe, for various reasons this was the ultimate result. Based around the thoughts that ‘The seeds of authoritarian systems are supported by hopelessness and want’ the Marshall Plan was viewed as important to keep away from the spread of socialism. The Marshall Plan was seen by the American organization as the ‘next significant advance against the apparent Russian threat’ as it was basic to expel the hopelessness and need which was overflowing in a monetarily demolished Europe. Notwithstanding, to the USSR the Marshall Plan was seen in an unexpected way, it was a western endeavor to infringe on their effective reach. The Marshall Plan had far more extensive arriving at outcomes that basically supporting a recuperating Europe financially. Through taking a gander at the Soviet response to the Marshall Plan we see that it assumed a key job in the crystallization of Cold War strains in Europe. The response to the Marshall plan by the Soviet Union denoted a defining moment in relations among east and west Europe as they served to part nations whose belief systems were floating further separated. As the Marshall Plan was ostensibly the flash set off the chain of occasions it very well may be viewed as massively significant in the crystallization of Cold War strains in Europe. While the Truman regulation may have put a strain on relations among America and the Soviet Union the Marshall Plan as Myrdal, who guided the Economic Commission for Europe saw it, it would ‘secure the iron window ornament and welcome on war’. The Marshall plan along these lines appears to have been where Europe was part as it introduced to the countries of Europe the decision between the two incredible forces and their belief systems. To revisionist students of history, for example, Kolko the Marshall plan effectively brought Soviet feelings of trepidation to the fore and in this manner expanding strains. Unmistakably the Marshall plan ‘forced Stalin to reevaluate his position towards East and West Europe’ which raised Cold War strains. Numerous revisionist students of history will contend that the Soviet response to the Marshall Plan was one characteristic for a nation that felt powerless and enduring an onslaught. It could be contended that the Marshall Plan according to the USSR was a coordinated endeavor by the United States to sabotage Soviet impact in Eastern Europe. To Taubman and Kolko it is in this manner clear that it was the Marshall Plan that started the heightening of pressures. While it could be contended this was not the situation as the Marshall Plan was available to Soviet support Crockartt shows that the US organization found a way to maintain a strategic distance from socialist cooperation in the arrangement. Kennan, who as previously mentioned had been clear about his perspectives on regulation and the Soviet Union ensured that the arrangement ‘be done in such a structure, that Russian satellites would either reject themselves†¦or consent to surrender the select direction of their economies’. This accordingly supported divisions inside Europe, as now there was an away from of whether the nation bought in to East or West philosophies. Moreover many contend that the incorporation of Soviet states was because of a ‘desire not to welcome the charge that the ERP was an enemy of socialist measure’ as opposed to an authentic proposal of budgetary guide. One could accordingly contend that it was not astounding that the arrangement caused strains, as soviet consideration was profoundly improbable. The degree to which the Soviet Union felt compromised can be seen through activities taken because of the Marshall plan, seen by students of history, for example, Gaddis as a defining moment in the advancement of the Cold War. The Soviet Union presently appeared to follow up on a desire to join the socialist gatherings around Eastern Europe through the presentation of associations, for example, Comiform. The Communist data Bureau can be viewed as an endeavor by Stalin to bring the socialist gatherings around Europe under increasingly soviet control. Besides the Molotov Plan, seen by numerous individuals as a Soviet variant of the Marshall plan, intended to give monetary guide to battling economies that fell under soviet impact. The impact the Marshall Plan can be seen plainly through the presentation of the Molotov plan as it proposes that eit

Baker, James Addison, 3d

Baker, James Addison, 3d Baker, James Addison, 3d, 1930â€", U.S. political leader, b. Houston, Tex. After graduating from Princeton, he served in the U.S. Marines and earned a law degree from the Univ. of Texas. A successful corporate lawyer, he switched from the Democratic to the Republican party in 1970 and served (1975â€"76) as undersecretary of commerce during Gerald Ford 's administration. Baker was campaign manager for Ford in his unsuccessful bid for a second term in 1976 and for George H. W. Bush in his unsuccessful bid for the Republican presidential nomination in 1980. Under President Ronald Reagan , Baker served as chief of staff (1981â€"85) and as secretary of the treasury (1985â€"88). He helped secure passage of the Kemp-Roth tax cut. In 1988 he managed G. H. W. Bush's successful presidential campaign. As secretary of state (1989â€"92) in Bush's administration, Baker negotiated arms reduction treaties with the Soviet Union, lent U.S. support to Germany's reunification, marshaled internation al opposition to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait (1990; see Persian Gulf Wars ), and convened (1991) a Middle East peace conference that involved Israel, several Arab countries, and the Palestinians. In 1992, he resigned to become White House chief of staff again, with responsibility for domestic policy and for overseeing the unsuccessful Bush reelection campaign. Baker later returned to law practice, and served (1997â€"2004) as UN envoy to the parties in the Western Sahara conflict. He also directed George W. Bush 's legal efforts with respect to the contested 2000 presidential vote in Florida, and was appointed President G. W. Bush's personal envoy, charged with restructuring Iraq's national debt, in late 2003. In 2006 he co-chaired the Iraq Study Group, a bipartisan panel established by Congress to review and make recommendations on U.S. policy concerning Iraq. Baker has written The Politics of Diplomacy (1995, with T. M. DeFrank) and Work Hard, Study?…?and Keep Out of Politic s (2006, with S. Fiffer), a memoir. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Louisa May Alcotts Family Tree and Genealogy

Louisa May Alcott, best known as the author of Little Women, never married and has no descendants. Her rich ancestry, however, stretches back to early America and Europe and includes many well-known people, including her father, famous transcendentalist Bronson Alcott. Many people can claim a relation to Louisa May Alcott through her siblings, cousins and other relatives. Born on November 29, 1832 in Germantown, Pennsylvania (now a part of Philadelphia), Louisa May Alcott was the second of four girls born to Bronson Alcott and his wife, Abigail May. The March family everyone came to love in her books is based on her own family, with Louisa as her alter-ego Jo and her sisters as the other three little women. Louisa May Alcott died just two days after her father, on March 4, 1888 from long-term side-effects of mercury poisoning. She initially acquired this disorder from the drug calomel (which is laden with mercury) that doctors used to treat the typhoid fever she contracted while volunteering as a nurse during the Civil War. Louisa May Alcott is buried on Authors Ridge in Concords Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, with her family. Nearby, are the graves of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Henry David Thoreau. First Generation Reading the Ahnentafel genealogical numbering system is not difficult once you understand how this family tree is arranged. 1. Louisa May ALCOTT was born on 29 Nov 1832 in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. and died on 6 Mar 1888 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Ma. Second Generation (Parents) 2. Amos Bronson ALCOTT was born on 29 Nov 1799 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. and died on 4 Mar 1888. He married Abigail MAY on 23 May 1830. 3. Abigail MAY was born on 8 Oct 1800 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Ma. and died in 1877. Amos Bronson ALCOTT and Abigail MAY had the following children: i. Anna Bronson ALCOTT was born on 16 Mar 1831 in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa.1 ii. Louisa May ALCOTTiii. Elizabeth Sewall ALCOTT was born on 24 Jun 1835 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Ma. and died on 14 Mar 1858.iv. May ALCOTT was born on 26 Jul 1840 in Concord, Middlesex Co., Ma. Third Generation (Grandparents) 4. Joseph Chatfield ALCOTT was born on 7 May 1771 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. and died on 3 Apr 1829. He married Anna BRONSON on 13 Oct 1796 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. 5. Anna BRONSON was born on 20 Jan 1773 in Jerico, New London, Ct. and died on 15 Aug 1863 in West Edmeston, Ostego Co., New York. Joseph Chatfield ALCOTT and Anna BRONSON had the following children: i. Betsey ALCOTT was born on 4 Apr 1798 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. and died on 5 Nov 1798.2 ii. Amos Bronson ALCOTTiii. Chatfield ALCOTT was born on 23 Oct 1801.iv. Pamelia ALCOTT was born on 4 Feb 1805 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. and died on 11 Feb 1849.v. Betsey ALCOTT was born on 14 Feb 1808 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct.vi. Phebe ALCOTT was born on 18 Feb 1810 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. and died on 28 Jul 1844.vii. George ALCOTT was born on 26 Mar 1812 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. and died on 12 Jul 1812.viii. Junius ALCOTT was born on 6 Jul 1818 and died on 16 Apr 1852.ix. Ambrose ALCOTT was born on 10 Sep 1820 in Wolcott, New Haven, Ct. 6. Joseph MAY was born on 25 Mar 1760 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 27 Feb 1841 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. He married Dorothy SEWELL on 28 Dec 1784 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. 7. Dorothy SEWELL was born on 23 Dec 1758 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 31 Oct 1825 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. Joseph MAY and Dorothy SEWELL had the following children: i. Charles MAY was born on 2 Nov 1785 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass. and died on 21 Mar 1856 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass.ii. Catharine MAY was born on 30 Dec 1786 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died in 1814 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass.iii. Louisa MAY was born on 31 Dec 1792 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass. and died on 14 Nov 1828 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass.iv. Edward MAY was born on 26 Aug 1795 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass. and died on 29 Apr 1802 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass.v. Samuel Joseph MAY was born on 12 Sep 1797 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass. and died on 1 Jul 1871 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass.vi. Elizabeth Sewall MAY was born on 5 Dec 1798 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 5 Mar 1822 in Portland, Cumberland Co., Maine.3 vii. Abigail MAYviii. Louisa C. Greenwood MAY was born on 2 Dec 1810 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass. and died on 23 Sep 1891 in Roxbury, Norfolk Co., Mass. Fourth Generation (Great Grandparents) 8. Captain John  ALCOX  was born on 28 Dec 1731 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 27 Sep 1808 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. He married Mary CHATFIELD on 28 Aug 1755 in Connecticut. 9. Mary CHATFIELD was born on 11 Oct 1736 in Derby, New Haven, Conn. and died on 28 Feb 1807 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. She was christened 7  Noc  1736 in First Congregational Church of Derby. Captain John ALCOX and Mary CHATFIELD had the following children: i. Lydia ALCOTT was born on 8 Dec 1756 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 23 Sep 1831.ii. Solomon ALCOTT was born on 8 May 1759 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 21 May 1818 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn.iii. Samuel ALCOTT was born on 29 Nov 1761 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 9 Jun 1819.iv. John Blakeslee ALCOTT was born on 24 Jun 1764 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 17 Sep 1837.v. Mary ALCOTT was born on 8 Sep 1766 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 18 Feb 1770.vi. Isaac ALCOTT was born on 12 Apr 1769 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 12 Sep 1809.4  vii.  Joseph Chatfield ALCOTTviii. Mark ALCOTT was born on 11 May 1773 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. and died on 21 Nov 1846.ix. Thomas ALCOTT was born on 16 Oct 1775 and died on 27 Apr 1778. 10. Amos BRONSON was born on 3 Feb 1729/30 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. and died on 2 Sep 1819 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. He married Anna BLAKESLEY on 3 Jun 1751 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. 11. Anna BLAKESLEY was born on 6 Oct 1733 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 3 Dec 1800 in Plymouth, Litchfield, Conn. Amos BRONSON and Anna BLAKESLEY had the following children: i. Noah Miles BRONSON was born on 15 Jul 1767 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. and died on 8 Sep 1859 in Weymouth, Medina Co., Ohio.5  ii.  Anna BRONSON 12. Samuel MAY was born. He married Abigail WILLIAMS. 13. Abigail WILLIAMS was born. Samuel MAY and Abigail WILLIAMS had the following children: 6  i.  Joseph MAY 14. Samuel SEWELL was born on 2 May 1715 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 19 Jan 1771 in Holliston, Middlesex Co., Mass. He married Elizabeth QUINCY on 18 May 1749 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. 15. Elizabeth QUINCY was born on 15 Oct 1729 in Quincy, Norfolk Co., Mass. and died on 15 Feb 1770. Samuel SEWELL and Elizabeth QUINCY had the following children: i. Elizabeth SEWELL was born on 12 Mar 1750 and died in 1789.ii. Samuel SEWELL was born on 11 Dec 1757 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 7 Jun 1814 in Wiscasset, Lincoln Co., Maine.7  iii.  Dorothy SEWELL Fifth Generation (Great, Great Grandparents) 16. John ALCOCK was born on 14 Jan 1705 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 6 Jan 1777 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. He married Deborah BLAKESLEE on 14 Jan 1730 in North Haven, New Haven, Conn. 17. Deborah BLAKESLEE was born on 15 Mar 1713 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 7 Jan 1789 in Wolcott, New Haven, Conn. John ALCOCK and Deborah BLAKESLEE had the following children: i. Lydia ALCOTT was born on 24 Nov 1730 in North Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 15 Nov 1796 in North Haven, New Haven, Conn.8  ii.  Captain John ALCOXiii. James ALCOTT was born on 1 Jun 1734 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. and died on 9 Aug 1806.iv. Jesse ALCOTT was born on 23 Mar 1736 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. and died on 29 Oct 1809.v. Daniel ALCOTT was born on 25 Mar 1738 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. and died on 24 May 1805.vi. David ALCOTT was born on 12 Jan 1740 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. and died on 29 Jan 1821.vii. Deborah ALCOTT was born in 1742 in Waterbury, New Haven, Conn. and died on 18 Jun 1831.viii. Mary ALCOTT was born in 1744 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 6 Mar 1825.ix. Thankful ALCOTT was born in 1748 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 1 Mar 1839.x. Hannah ALCOTT was born in 1751 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 1 Mar 1821.xi. Anna ALCOTT was born about 1753 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 5 Feb 1822 in Wol cott, New Haven, Conn.xii. Stephen ALCOTT was born about 1757 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. 18. Solomon CHATFIELD was born on 13 Aug 1708 and died in 1779. He married Hannah PIERSON on 12 Jun 1734. 19. Hannah PIERSON was born on 4 Aug 1715 and died on 15 Mar 1801. She is buried in Oxford Congregational Cemetery, Oxford, Conn. Solomon CHATFIELD and Hannah PIERSON had the following children: i. Joseph CHATFIELD was born on 4 Apr 1735 and died about 1795.9  ii.  Mary CHATFIELDiii. Hannah CHATFIELD was born about 1738.iv. Lois CHATFIELD was born about 1741.v. Eunice CHATFIELD was born on 6 Feb 1743 and died in 1823.vi. Rachel CHATFIELD was born about 1745 and died on 11 May 1778.vii. Comfort CHATFIELD was born about 1749.viii. Anna CHATFIELD was born about 1752 and died on 11 Sep 1853.ix. Comfort CHATFIELD was born about 1756 and died on 3 Nov 1798. 28. Joseph SEWELL was born on 15 Aug 1688 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 27 Jun 1769 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. He married Elizabeth WALLEY on 29 Oct 1713 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. 29. Elizabeth WALLEY was born on 4 May 1693 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 27 Oct 1713 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. Joseph SEWELL and Elizabeth WALLEY had the following children: 14  i.  Samuel SEWELLii. Joseph SEWELL was born on 13 Jul 1719 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. and died on 18 Aug 1719 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. 30. Edmund QUINCY was born on 13 Jun 1703. He married Elizabeth WENDELL on 15 Apr 1725 in Boston, Suffolk Co., Mass. 31. Elizabeth WENDELL was born. Edmund QUINCY and Elizabeth WENDELL had the following children: 15  i.  Elizabeth QUINCY Sixth Generation (Great, Great, Great Grandparents) 32. John ALCOTT was born on 14 Jul 1675 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died in Mar 1722 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. He married Susanna HEATON on 8 May 1698 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. 33. Susanna HEATON was born on 12 Apr 1680 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 3 Mar 1736 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. John ALCOTT and Susanna HEATON had the following children: i. Abigail ALCOTT was born in 1703 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died in 1771.16  ii.  John ALCOCKiii. Elizabeth ALCOTT was born on 31 Jul 1708 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 23 Jan 1782 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn.iv. Sarah ALCOTT was born on 11 Aug 1711 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died in 1757.v. Stephen ALCOTT was born on 10 Aug 1714 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died in Feb 1742.vi. Mary ALCOTT was born on 10 Aug 1717 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. 34. John BLAKESLEE was born on 15 Jul 1676 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 30 Apr 1742 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. He married Lydia in 1696. 35. Lydia died on 12 Oct 1723 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. John BLAKESLEE and Lydia had the following children: i. Elizabeth BLAKESLEE was born on 1 Mar 1702 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn.17  ii.  Deborah BLAKESLEEiii. Mary BLAKESLEE was born on 5 Apr 1720 and died about 1799. 36. John CHATFIELD was born on 8 Apr 1661 in Guilford, New Haven, Conn. and died on 7 Mar 1748. He married Anna HARGER on 5 Feb 1685 in Derby, New Haven, Conn. 37. Anna HARGER was born on 23 Feb 1668 in Stratford, Fairfield, Conn. and died in 1748. John CHATFIELD and Anna HARGER had the following children: i. Sarah CHATFIELD was born on 5 Dec 1686 and died on 20 Jun 1721.ii. Mary CHATFIELD was born on 23 Apr 1689.iii. Abigail CHATFIELD was born on 2 Sep 1693.iv. John CHATFIELD was born on 26 Feb 1697 and died on 30 Oct 1793.v. Samuel CHATFIELD was born on 28 Aug 1699 and died on 17 May 1785.vi. Ebenezer CHATFIELD was born on 4 Jul 1703 and died about 1789.18  vii.  Solomon CHATFIELD 38. Abraham PIERSON was born about 1680 and died on 12 May 1758. He married Sarah TOMLINSON. 39. Sarah TOMLINSON was born about 1690 and died on 12 May 1758. Abraham PIERSON and Sarah TOMLINSON had the following children: i. Sarah PIERSON was born on 19 Aug 1705 and died in 1750.ii. Abraham PIERSON was born on 28 Jul 1707 and died in 1781.iii. Mary PIERSON was born on 26 Oct 1712 and died in 1790.19  iv.  Hannah PIERSONv. Stephen PIERSON was born on 4 Mar 1720 and died in 1758.vi.  Barchua  PIERSON was born on 1 Dec 1726. Seventh Generation (Great, Great, Great, Great Grandparents) 64. Phillip ALCOTT was born in 1648 in Dedham, Norfolk, Mass. and died in 1715 in Wethersfield, Hartford, Conn. He married Elizabeth MITCHELL on 5 Dec 1672 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. 6 5. Elizabeth MITCHELL was born on 6 Aug 1651 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. Phillip ALCOTT and Elizabeth MITCHELL had the following children: 32  i.  John ALCOTTii. Thomas ALCOTT was born in 1677 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 2 Apr 1757 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn.iii. Elizabeth ALCOTT was born on 6 Feb 1679 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn.iv. Phillip ALCOTT was born on 19 Nov 1681 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn.v. Agnes ALCOTT was born in 1683 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. and died on 8 Feb 1782. 66. James HEATON was born about 1632 and died on 16 Oct 1712 in New Haven, New Haven, Conn. He married Sarah STREET on 20 Nov 1662. 67. Sarah STREET was born about 1640. James HEATON and Sarah STREET had the following children: i. Nathaniel HEATON was born on 19 Nov 1664 and died in 1725.ii. Abigail HEATON33  iii.  Susanna HEATONiv. Anna HEATON was born on 23 Dec 1682.

The Crusades Were A Movement Of Broken Military Fights

The Crusades were a movement of broken military fights in the years from 1096 to 1487, approved by various Popes. Amid these circumstances Islam and Christianity were the more well known religions and their perspectives of religion contrasted from various perspectives. This brought about strain and division between the two. The Pope conveyed a call for kindred Christians to go along with him against the Muslims in war. This was the begin of the Crusades. One of the Pope s primary objectives was to guarantee access to the Holy Land that was under Muslim control. Another of his objectives was to rejoin the Eastern and Western branches of Christendom, segregated after their split in 1054, and develop himself as pioneer of the United Church. The devotees of these gatherings where brisk to join for what they believed was for their God. The subject of this paper is to show what drove the general population to join and stay in the battle. In the first place, the general population in nowadays were not that informed, so they got their initiative and consultative from their religious and common pioneers (Jones 63). They were exceptionally subject to pioneers for direction and the pioneers exploited this open door. The Religious pioneers for the Christians took a melody and verse heading. They utilized melodies and verse to persuade the normal individuals and nobles to join the battle against the Muslims (Jones 64). The impact that takes after is two-fold. To start with, the normalShow MoreRelatedRichard the Lionheart vs Saladin3439 Words   |  14 PagesSALADIN THE THIRD CRUSADE TIM PARRY, JR. Chapman University 26 November 2003 HIST 306 DR. W. F. LEE Bibliography Reston, James. Warriors of God: Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in the Third Crusade. New York: Doubleday, 2001. Ballou, Robert O. The Portable World Bible. New York: Penguin Books, 1944. Tierney, Brian. Western Europe in the Middle Ages: 300-1475, Sixth Edition. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1999. INTRODUCTION OF SALADIN And fight for the cause of GodRead MoreThe Crusades Paper3827 Words   |  16 PagesThe Crusades were expeditions that originated in completion of a solemn vow in order to deliver the Holy areas from Mohammedan domination. The origin of the word can be traced to the cross. This meaningful cross was worn as a badge on the outer garment of those who took part in these enterprises and also made out of cloth. Since the Middle Ages, the meaning of the word crusade has been comprehended to contain all wars undertaken in the act or practice of pursuing a vow. It was also directed againstRead MoreA Reasoned Reconstruction Of The Past2140 Words   |  9 Pagesaccording to what seemed beneficial to the country and its communities. As the North and South were focusing on the reconciliation vision, the emancipationist vision and the question of the millions of slaves that somewhat started the war was overwhelmed and overlooked for sake of reunion, which changed how the war would be vie wed later. After the war had occurred, many whites were focusing on healing their broken families, and bringing the American family back together (referring to the North and South)Read MoreNational Socialism, Primary And Secondary Objectives Essay2551 Words   |  11 Pages If a person thinks that the United States political structure is currently broken and beaten, consequently how does National Socialism factor into the person’s ideological. National Socialism is that one movement where people backed it and when it failed everybody claimed they never supported it or were forced into it by the supporters, in this case, Nazis. When the Nazis started World War Two, the purpose was to regain the pride and respect of Germany at the level that the Nazis thought matchedRead MoreEssay about Vietnam War in Film: Oliver Stone’s Platoon1800 Words   |  8 Pagesspiraled upward, morale sagged in many sectors of the U.S. military. Many units suffered from internal tensions, t he crippling and terrifying environment, drug use, unwillingness to fight, and the sense that the war was for nothing. Also, there was no doubt that battlefield atrocities were being committed by Americans, especially after the Mai Lai massacre. Finally, even more chilling and demoralizing was the practice of fragging. Fragging is military slang for the killing or wounding of a soldier or officerRead MoreChristianity as a Unifying Influence in the History of Europe6059 Words   |  25 Pagesmissionary work, its monasteries, its education, it pilgrimages, its crusades, its influence on art and architecture and its Papacy it had united the peoples of Europe. By the thirteenth century all of Europe was Christian. Its ideas penetrated every aspect of life and every political and economic arrangement. Its churches could be seen in the major cities as well as the mountainside villages of rural Europe. Its bishops were part of the politics of countries at the highest level and for manyRea d MoreThe Holocaust And The Nazi Era Essay1956 Words   |  8 Pageshow the Jews were treated during WWII and during the 13th and 14th century in Europe. What happened during the Holocaust was such a horrible thing, but it makes me appreciate everything in today’s world. The treatment of Jews in WWII was very horrible during the Holocaust. The Holocaust was the killing of six million European Jews, by Adolf Hitler. The word Holocaust comes from the Greek origin, meaning â€Å"sacrifice by fire.† The Nazi’s had the idea in their head that the Germans were racially superiorRead MoreSocial Problems of the Troubles in Ireland1994 Words   |  8 Pagesorganizations that appealed to many to fight the ongoing battles of Irish culture. At first there was the Irish Tennant League that dealt with the land distribution. (Douglas, 52) Then a secret militia of Irish veterans came together on Saint Patrick’s Day to create an Organization that would lead the crusade of Ireland. Most of the organizations were made up of the lower-middle class and the lower-class population. These gave way to bombings, riots, rebellions, and movements. (Douglas, 53-54) Many believedRead MoreEssay on Constantinoples Fall1941 Words   |  8 Pagestogether. There was no longer an eternal Rome served by subject peoples. There could be only salvage† (Lamb 18). Constantine looked east toward Byzantium. The Byzantines were an isolated bunch that never really had a role in The Roman Empires growth, yet there was no overlooking Constantine’s certainty. Haste fully, structures were erected and a fortified wall was constructed around the city and in the year 330, during the 276 Olympiad, it was dedicated as â€Å"The almost forgotten name of Anthusa† (LambRead MoreEssay about Bismarcks Domestic Policy Assessment1989 Words   |  8 Pages Reichsfeinde - enemies of the state, were one of Bismarcks main miscalculations during his time as chancellor. Bismarck saw the Catholics, Socialists and ethnic minorities as a danger to the state of Germany he had created. Bismarck also used his Reichsfeinde as a mask across the true face of Germany, hiding the people from reality as they became increasingly involved with his political crusades. In Bismarcks fight against the Catholic Church he sided with the

Kafka Free Essays

string(74) " because without it we would feel worthless and needless to say, useless\." This simple yet ingenious quote by Kafka does make one stop and think, is life really that meaningless? How can one concur if life is meaningless or not? Before these questions can be answered, one must ask, what is meaning? Amazingly enough, meaning is something we create ourselves. We attach meaning to everything around us whether it be language, a person, an item, or even a pencil. Meaning comes from within us, making us the sole contributor to our own existence. We will write a custom essay sample on Kafka or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, nothing has meaning unless one was to ttach meaning to it, and to attach meaning to anything proves one has created an identity, and that identity allows one to exist. Mortal life by definition comes to an end whether one likes it or not, and because of this, we are always facing the pressure of extinction. The way we cope with this pressure is by giving meaning to the things we do, the things we love, and all the other things which matters in ones life. To give ourselves an identity in which we exist in this world and to leave behind a trace of our existence. Although it is truly evident that meaning comes from within the individual, others might think differently. One of the main arguments against meaning coming from the individual is that we were already given meaning since birth, given a set of beliefs and morals to follow, so how does one create meaning if it was already given to us from generation through generation? What they do not know is that meaning is something we gain through experience, and experience is not something we have from birth. Another valid argument would be that this universe does not need meaning and therefore it is not important to have meaning or create meaning. However, meaning is all around us and whether one likes it or not, we were built to reate meaning in order for us to exist, and for us to be able to create an identity. Before we dive deeper into the topic of how we gain meaning, we first have to question what is meaning? Clare Carlisle quotes Kierkegaard and explains, â€Å"Even though all sorts of things exist, for Kierkegaard the word â€Å"existence† has a special meaning when applied to human life. This meaning arises from the fact that we always have a relationship to ourselves. † (Carlisle, What does it mean to exist? ) To go into more thorough detail, meaning is the stem of everything human. Meaning come rom us because like stated above in the quote by Kierkegaard, we are the only ones can have a relationship to ourselves. Humans only truly exist through identity, identity is gained through experience, and experience is what use to create meaning. Many other individuals would like to believe that meaning does not come within us, but rather given to us, passed down to us from our past generations. For an example, Annie Druyan, wife of astronomer/philosopher Carl Sagan (1934 – 1996) remembered a conversation her husband had with a young man and it goes, â€Å"At the end of it, a young man came up to him and he said: What do you give us in return? Now that you’ve taken everything from us? What meaning is left, if everything that I’ve been taught since I was a child turns out to be untrue? Carl looked at him and said, ‘Do something meaningtul. ‘ † (Sagan. ) Without meaning this world would b complete chaos. A person needs to grow up with meaning as a supporting factor, or else their world would become chaotic and by definition, meaningless. The young man in the flashback is a person who struggles with the belief that he grew up with meaning given to him and therefore once he comprehend the truth and reality of it all, there would be no significance left. Carl Sagan tries to make this young man understand that in truth, meaning is something we can create anytime, anywhere, and anyplace. Sagan’s simple and brief quote ‘Do something meaningful’ gives us hope because it illustrates that meaning does not stem from the beginning of our lives, but something we have to experience and something we have to do in order to gain meaning. Although there are many others out there like the young man depicted in Annie Druyan’s flashback, they would have to know that meaning is not something in which they are given, but is gained through their Journey and understanding of life. This is significant because it is imperative for ones knowledge to understand that no matter how lost or confused one might be, they could always create their own meaning instead of relying or is biased on the thought that meaning was created for us. If one was to be biased on that thought, their total reliance on the meaning at which was given to them would collapse when they learn the undeniable truth that meaning has always been within their reach. Although meaning is a controversial and conflicting topic to discuss, some might argue that meaning is something we shouldn’t try to understand at all. Alex Percival as a strong opinion towards meaning and how he believes the universe does not need meaning at all. He states in his own words, â€Å"With modern discoveries, we have found that the meaning of life itself is pointless, but we are extremely lucky to be here because the probability that any one of us being in existence is next to 0%. † (Percival. ) In truth, meaning does matter in this world that we live in. Without meaning we would be lost with no identity, and would have no proof of our own existence. It is important for humans to make meaning for themselves because we want to exist and therefore we should exist. Meaning is not pointless at all, in fact meaning is apart of ones soul, apart of us. Meaning is a tool we strive and depend on to survive, because without it we would feel worthless and needless to say, useless. You read "Kafka" in category "Papers" Despite the many oppositions against the interpretation of meaning, language is one of the many factors in which humans attach meaning to. One blogger give their thoughts on how meaning relates to language and states, â€Å"Language communicates meaning, and the origin of meaning is relationship. In fact; if we use the idea that â€Å"relationship is the origin of meaning† as our lens, it opens up a whole new world eyond the narrow definitions that confine meaning to traditional ideas of language. † (The Wisdom of Life. ) Language in fact does relate to human relationships. To be able to communicate and articulate our thoughts gives us meaning. Without language, humans would not be able to express their thoughts and empty their minds and this is an important process to meaning because how can one attach or create meaning if they cannot express themselves. It is crucial to understand that language does not get it’s meaning from others but it is something we attach to it. For n example, as Professor Jacoby has mentioned in class, â€Å"A chair does not have meaning unless we give it meaning. The word chair to another person could mean something much more significant or it could mean nothing depending who this person is and what significant attachment they have given to the chair. † (English 205 Lecture. ) Anyone can give meaning to anything as long as there is a special significance to it. This is how we gain existence and gain identity. It comes through our experience and how we see things in our own eyes and not through what has already been defined for us. When one speaks about language, often we question what is the significance of many languages in this world. As Noam Chomsky says in We Still Live Here, â€Å"A language is not Just words. It’s a culture, a tradition, a unification of a community, a whole history that creates what a community is. It’s all embodied in a language. † (Chomsky. Language is no longer Just words or different types of languages that people speak around the world, it is what set us apart from others. It is what defines us as a people, it gives us meaning. With many languages around the orld, one could feel lost or troubled because they are afraid they could lose their identity. Although that is definitely not the case, language could preserve ones true identity because with language comes a culture, a tradition, a comm unity, and a whole history. With all these factors combined, one can find their identity and create meaning to their lives in their own ways and form. To find ones own identity is truly important in terms of existence, and the only way to find ones identity is through finding meaning within themselves. Meaning also attaches itself to forms of exceptionalism, how we interpret and ruly follow this ideal belief is entirely up to the person. In one article by The Globalist, they proclaim, â€Å"And Americans can only be exceptional if we are well informed and willing to make hard choices and take risks. Apathy, ignorance and risk aversion are the death sentence of the American experiment. (The Globalist, The Idea of American Exceptionalism. ) This is not only true to Americans, but also other cultures around the world as well. To make one self â€Å"exceptional† the person needs to be able to make well informed decisions on their own accord and take risks by the ips of the their own fingers. This connects to meaning because the only way we can make our own decisions and take our own risks is by attaching our own meaning to what all of these things mean. To be exceptional does not necessarily translate to ignorance, it could also mean it is their only form of survival. To any culture around the world, their identity is found through their culture, history, tradition. They rely on these factors because it is what makes them special, unique, and superior from others. Just like how each of them have their own language, tradition, and beliefs, hey want to preserve this by giving it a name, American Exceptionalism, British Exceptionalism, and Greek Exceptionalism. This way, they have given meaning to these terms which in return protect their identities. As individuals we all have a specific responsibility to be fulfilled once we take our first breaths in this world. One specific sentence which caught my attention in the article by The Globalist was, â€Å"As citizens, we have a sacred duty to conserve government by the active † not passive † consent of the governed. † (The Globalist, The Idea of American Exceptionalism. Even if we are a citizen of American or not, it does not matter, because every human in this Earth has a specific duty, which is to do something meaningful so that can be remembered for what theyVe done. The government is depicted as powertul, and because we see them as powertul, we believe that meaning comes from the government. The governments rules and laws seem to constrain us, but in reality it’s constrictions is what tests our understanding of what meaning is. For an example, in The Trial, a relatable quote from the conversation between K. and the doorkeeper goes as this, â€Å"Everyone strives to reach he Law,† says the man, â€Å"so how does it happen that for all these many years no one but myself has ever begged for admit-tance? † The doorkeeper recognizes that the man has reached his end, and to let his failing senses catch the words roars in his ear: â€Å"No one else could ever be admitted here, since this gate was made only for you. I am now going to shut it. † (Kafka 256. ) In The Trial, it is Kafka’s intentions to make the court look so powerful, because in this way, K. is forced to look for meaning and search for his own identity instead of trying to search for significant meaning in others. In fact, the court is so powerful that they have already planned everything out for K. K. ‘s future was in their hands and yet he barely even realized this because he was transfixed on trying to get everyone else to help him when the answers was within him. This message is of vital importance to comprehend, because one must know that no matter how powerful the barrier maybe between the person and their journey to gain meaning is, their duty as a human allows them to conquer those obstacles and face their own challenges. In The Trial it is evident from the very beginning K. ‘s thoughts were always ethered to what others thought about him and his need to find meaning through them instead of himself. Whenever K. spoke, he would always pay close attention to others, as though their opinions and thoughts were crucial to him, † ‘Intrusive, thoughtless people! ‘ said K. s he turned back into the room. The supervisor may have agreed with him, at least K. thought that was what he saw from the corner of his eye. But it was Just as possible that he had not even been listening as he had his hand pressed firmly down on the table and seemed to be comparing the length of his fingers. † (Kafka 17. Throughout the Trial, K. is repeatedly focusing on what others think of him, how others does not give him attention, and how others gave him meaning. His mind was constantly affected by the whispers around him and it affected him to the point whereby he was utterly dependent on other people. Kafka’s mission was to make us understand that K. was trapped in the wrong place the whole time, in someone else’s mind. When a person is trapped in someone else’s thoughts, it would be hard for them to understand how important meaning is if they are constantly looking for meaning in the wrong place. One of the great meanings behind Kafka’s works was to question one specific word, â€Å"Meaning. † In the text, K. ‘s conversation with the Priest demonstrates how Kafka views the word meaning, miou look for too much help from people you don’t know,† said the priest disapprovingly, â€Å"and especially from women. Can you really not see that’s not the help you need? † (Kafka 252. ) Kafka used K. as a guide to help him search for or make meaning. K. is constantly seeking and depending on others to be able to survive and to exist in this world that the meaning to his life soon became xactly that; his reliance on others became his meaning of survival, to exist. Kafka wants us to know that meaning was not already given to us, but we make meaning. We give meaning to people, things, and everything around us so we can feel special, unique, and most importantly to teel I ike we exist. Katka also wants us to know that K was looking for meaning in all the wrong places and to learn from K. ‘s mistakes. K. looked for meaning through his reliance on others, when he was supposed to create meaning within himself. To exist, we first have to rely on our own thoughts and our own ideas. This significant because our thoughts and our own ideas is how meaning is created. If we do not create meaning through our own minds, we do not exist according to Kafka, and that is why K. ies (Kafka 271) at the end because he was not able to realize his whole life depended on someone else, and his sense of meaning came from the people around him as well which is what makes one exist. Although, this leads to the quote which was stated in the beginning of the essay, â€Å"The meaning of life is that it ends. â€Å"-Franz Kafka. No matter how a person tries define meaning or try to apprehend it, life does end. So why is meaning so important? Meaning not only gives us a sense of security and comfort from the chaotic world we live in, but it also serves as a backbone to our identity and our existence. By us giving meaning to anything and everything, it gives us a sense of comfort knowing that it is significant or in some ways meaningful to us therefore making us feel as though we exist because we gave meaning to something which never had meaning before it came into our lives. To exist, to give meaning, and to gain an identity is all part of what it means to be human. Meaning nowadays is interpreted in many different ways, but one theory seems to tand out more than the rest, and it’s that meaning comes from within each individual and not from an external source. We use meaning to create ourselves, find our identities, and sustain our existence through our lifetime. In these modern times, the word meaning has been modified to each persons own interpretations of what meaning is. The problem is, would meaning ever be completely defined? Or is it a word that us humans can attach our own meaning to? It is definitely something to think about as we progress further into the world of constant change and start to lose the roots of our identity and even our existence. How to cite Kafka, Papers

Michael Manley Bibliography free essay sample

Autobiography Michael Manley was born on the 10th of December, 1924 in the parish St. Andrew, Jamaica and died on the 6th of March, 1997 in the capital of Jamaica, Kingston. He was a politician who served three terms as prime minister of Jamaica (1972-80 and 1989-92) and was a powerful champion of Third World issues (Manley: A Legend in His Time). He was the son of noted sculptor Edna Swithenbank Manley and national hero Norman Manley, the founder of the Peoples National Party (PNP) and Jamaicas prime minister from 1959 to 1962 (Michael Manley Biography). While attending Jamaica College, the colonys exclusive secondary school. Manley excelled mostly in athletics, but showed early signs of his rebellious nature by publicly challenging the authoritarian approach of his headmaster and ultimately he resigned from the college (Manley: A Legend in His Time). Following service in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II, he attended the London School of Economics, where he studied with socialist Harold Laski (Jamaica Calling). We will write a custom essay sample on Michael Manley Bibliography or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to biography. om he worked as a freelance journalist in London, Manley returned to Jamaica in 1951 and went to work for Public Opinion, a leftist weekly newspaper. He soon became active in the trade-union movement, attaining positions of union leadership and gaining recognition as a skilled negotiator. In 1962 he was appointed to Jamaicas Senate, and in 1967 he was elected to the House of Representatives. Two years later Manley succeeded his father as president of the PNP, and when the party won the election in 1972, he became prime minister. In 1973 he was one of the founders of the Caribbean Community and Common Market (Caricom), and he cultivated close relationships with Cuba and the socialist countries of eastern Europe and the Far East, a move that did not sit well with the United States and led to a loss in international foreign aid. Manley proved popular with Jamaicans, who nicknamed him Joshua after the biblical prophet, and in 1976 he was reelected (Michael Manley). His policies, however, eventually proved to be financially disastrous. Violence between the left and the right escalated, and he lost the 1980 election to the conservative Edward Seaga of the Jamaica Labour Party. By the late 1980s, however, Manley had adopted a more moderate outlook and favoured closer relations with the United States. In 1989 he was again elected prime minister. Still claiming to be a socialist, he nonetheless pursued free-market policies and privatized many state-owned enterprises. In 1992 Manley was forced to resign because of poor health. He later died in 1997 (Michael Manley). National Contribution and Impact Being influenced by Harold Laski, he gravitated towards the democratic social ideas that were prevalent in England at the time. Manley came to be dubbed by the sugar workers. Initially a highly nervous public speaker, he grew over the next 20 years of active and successful trade unionism into an impassioned speaker. He also came to acquire a deep awareness of the many social and economic ills, above all the deep-rooted inequality, at the heart of Jamaican society. When Michael Manley came back to Jamaica, he was union organizer and negotiator in the National Workers Union (NWU), which was affiliated to the Peoples National Party (Michael Manley Biography). Being a negotiator for the National Workers Union (NWU) earned him respect from prominent figures in society. The NWU represented a worker at Radio Jamaica, Graham Binns, The Manager at the time, disciplined an announcer, Michael Manley confronted him about it. His exuberant personality had Binns succumbed to his arguments. Binns described him as a charismatic political leader (Payne n. d. ). He was elected as Prime Minister in 1972, at this time; seventy percent of the Jamaican economy was already foreign dominated. The mineral industry was completely controlled by multinational corporations. The unemployment rate was 24 percent (doubled since independence) and illiteracy was between 30 and 50 percent. Forty- five percent of arable land was owned by 0. 2 percent of the farmers, with the remaining 55 percent of the land shared by 99. 8 percent of farmers. Michael Manley set about instituting policies for redistributing wealth, and he became a champion of the less-developed nations nonaligned movement. He implemented plans to improve the wellbeing of the country, by improving the literacy rate and reduce the unemployment rate. Manley made a number of changes before during and after he came into power. Some of these changes were: minimum wage for all workers, free education at secondary and university level, to the extent of spaces available, institution of literacy campaign, subdivision of idle lands to poor blacks, formation of agrarian cooperatives, price controls on numerous staples to benefit the oor, reduction of voting age to 18 years, thus increasing the black vote, institutionalizing paid maternity leave free milk to mothers, public utilities, a large bank and part of the tourism business were rationalized, the repeal of the Masters and Servants Act, the establishment of a National Housing Trust and the introduction of a bauxite levy, and a Status of Children Act which ended discrimination against children born out of wedlock (Michael Manley Foundation, n. d. ). As part of the solution Michael Manley experimented with Karl Marxs ideas of socialism. The aim of socialism was to state-own the countrys resources and central planning relating to the production. Manley succeeded in owning some of these companies, and those which he could not control he lifted the industrialization by invitation policy which was introduced by the previous Government. Because of the economic condition that the country was faced with, Manley proposed a eat what you grow mentally, this idea did not went well with the populace; hence, he lost the next General Election. Before Manley came to power there was job discrimination directed towards Rastafarians. Most Jamaican employers and even black employers would not hire Rastafarians. Michael Manley encouraged employers to employ (hire) Rastafarians in the work place and many did. Manley helped increase social economic mobility for the poor. Foreign investors dominated Jamaicas economy for a long time but Manley cut foreign domination by 50%, putting Jamaicas economy in the hands of the Jamaican people by using businessmen, companies, and Jamaican financial investors. ? He encouraged Jamaican people to be united as one people regardless of race and social class. He used the slogan better must come to encourage the people, He instilled a sense of pride and hope that economic development is possible for Jamaica. Under the Michael Manleys mulatto leadership from the 1970s and 1980s the quality of life improved for all Jamaicans, Rastafarians, and including the majority black population. Self-reliance is a fundamental aspect of Manleys political philosophy. In his first book, The Politics of Change, he wrote: Self-reliance implies the ability on the part of the people of a country to make common efforts towards the general development and welfare of the group. The Michael Manley Award for Community Self-Reliance, presented annually to a community group that has demonstrated exemplary achievement in improving the wellbeing of its members and the wider community, is the flagship project of the Michael Manley Foundation and a reflection of one of the more abiding retentions from the Michael Manley years (Michael Manley Foundation, n. d. ). This awa rd encourages community members to participate in community development, as part of our cultural retention. The winner is then rewarded in cash and prizes. Regional, International Contribution and Impact Michael Manley was one of the great figures of modern Third World politics. His standing as an inspirational leader spread beyond his native Jamaica to all parts of the Caribbean and to many other Third World societies as well. Manley always saw clearly that the politics of reform which he advocated in Jamaica depended upon associated changes in the wider international economy (Michael Manley Biography, n. d. ). This led him to take up articulate and brave, if sometimes foolhardy, positions in the debate about the shaping of a new international economic order which brought the plight of the developing world to the centre of the international stage during the course of the 1970s. Less changed than he imagined or hoped, but Manley succeeded nevertheless in stamping something of his huge and vibrant personality on that phase of world history. Michael Manley was one of the most outstanding political figures in the post-colonial history of the Caribbean. He made an influential contribution to Jamaican, Caribbean and international politics. His pioneering legislative programme of social reforms in the 1970s, his role in the formation of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), and later the Association of Caribbean States (ACS). The formation of ACS widened regional representation. His advocacy of a New International Economic Order (NIEO), his defense of sovereignty for countries that were colonized, and his leading role among world statesmen in confronting racial oppression, especially in southern Africa, make him an international figure of enormous consequence for world politics during the decade of the 1970s. The Caribbean Community (CARICOM), which was formed with the assistance of Michael Manley. Made it easy for the Caribbean countries to trade with each other, hence, placing the entire region in a better economic position. All members of CARICOM had strong trading powers with extra regional countries. At the international level, his was a highly respected voice, especially in such bodies as the Commonwealth of Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Countries, the Group of 77, and the Socialist International. He was a leading advocate of South-South cooperation and was in the vanguard of world statesmen who applied international pressure to assist in the dismantling of apartheid and of minority rule in southern Africa (Michael Manley Biography, n. d. ). In 1977, because of his consistent advocacy of a New International Economic Order with a more equitable deal for developing countries, Manley was elected Vice President of Socialist International. As a distinguished leader of the organisation, he chaired the Socialist International Economic Committee. The findings of that committee were later published in 1985 as Manleys fifth book, Global Challenge: From Crisis to Cooperation: Breaking the North-South Stalemate. The Socialist International made him its honorary President in 1992, a position he held until his death on March 6, 1997. His politics were those of a radical social democrat, but wisely or unwisely he worked with Marxist elements in Jamaican society and quickly came to be seen from the outside, especially in the United States, as a dangerous anti- imperialist. At home, his policies were characterised by nationalisation, higher taxation and a commitment to extending literacy; abroad, he befriended Castro, took a leading role in the non-aligned movement and deeply alarmed the Americans. Manley benefitted from the services of Cuban doctors and Cuban builders who provided the country with the Jose Marti School in St. Catherine and with a number of small wells designed to boost the islands water supply. Manley was also a critique of the World Bank. In an attempt to put Jamaica in a better financial position, Manley borrowed from the IMF. This impacted positively in the short-run, in that the country could afford its oil bill among others things, however, in present day the country is still in debt than ever before, and this indebtedness is allegedly stemming from the contract with the IMF made by Michael Manley. The economy has broken on the back of disinvestment and IMF imposed strictness. This caused conflicts within the party. The 1980 election, which saw the PNP severely defeated, was marked by great violence (Haynes, n. d. ).